Chapter 15, sec.2, Critical Thinking #5

What effects did the migration from rural areas to the cities in the late 19th century have on urban society? Think About:
• why people moved to cities
• the problems caused by rapid urban growth
• the differences in the experiences of whites and blacks

The migration form rural areas to cities had a negative effect on urban society. Many people moved to the cities in because it made the most sense. It was cheap and affordable and had many steady jobs, like in mills in factories. (pg. 469) However because of the fact that it was easier to live in the city more people moved there, causing rapid urban growth. Since the population of the city increased the living enviorments became cramped and disgusting. It was hard for most people to get a hold of clean water, and fires were happening everywhere. People just through garbage out the window or onto the streets, causing a even more disgusting living enviorment. Also pick pocketing and thief became extremely popular. (pg. 470-471) African Americans had a very differnt and harder life trying to get by in city life because there was alot of competition and tension between them and white people for jobs. (pg. 469)

Chapter 15, sec.2, Critical Thinking #4

Which solution (or attempt solution) to an urban problem discussed in this section do you think had the most impact?
The solution to the urban problem of people being under educated and to the sanity of the living quarters was Settlement houses. Settlement houses were set up by college educated women in slum areas in order to give assistance to the people living there. They sent nurses to the sick. They taught people English, health, painting, and offered college extension courses.By 1910 there were over 400 Settlement houses set up in America.

Chapter 15, sec.2, Critical Thinking #3

Why do immigrants tend to group together in cities?
When the immigrants came to america people of the same cultures, nation, or religions tendend to live in the same city. This happened because the immigrants did not want to leave thier cultures and language behind, and if they lived with people of the same cultures and who spoke the same language as them then thier was less pressure to lose thier culture. They could continue to practise thier religons and speak thier language together. (pg.469)

Chapter 15, sec.1, Critical Thinking #4

What were the effects of the massive influx of immigrants to the US in the late 1800s?

There were many effects of the massive influx of immigrants to the US in the late 1800s. One effect was idea of Negativism became very large. Negativism was favoritism towards native born Americans and they objected to immigrants, but not immigrants from the "right countries". Like Brittan, Germany, and Scandinavia. Attacks were launched on Catholics, and many Jews were not allowed to attend certain colleges and social groups. (pg.464) Another effect was the Chinese Exclusion act which made it so Chinese people that were not students, merchants, teachers, tourists, or government officials were not allowed to immigrant in the years 1892-1943. (pg.465) Then in San Fransisco schools were segregated for Japanese and other Americans. Japan then became upset with the way its emigrants were being treated and the Gentleman's Agreement came into effect. The agreement made it so Japan limited the number of emigrants and the schools in San Fransisco were unsegregated. (pg. 465)

Chapter 15, sec.1, Critical Thinking #3

Which group of immigrants do you think faced the greatest challenges in the United States? Why?
The group of immigrants that faced the greatest in the Unites States would have to be the Chinese. The Chinese mostly came into America from Angel Island which had worse conditions than Ellis Island. It had a filthy enviorment and when the immigrants came to the island they had to endure harsh questioning then wait in ramshackle buildings. (pg. 463) The rest of the American population was well aware of the fact that the Chinese were willing to work for lower wages, and were afraid that they would take all of the jobs. Then an anti Chinese group was started by the workingmens party, which led to the Chinese exclusion act. The act was passed in 1882 and did not end until 1943. The act baned entry to the US to all Chinese except for students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials. Often there was even mob attacks on the Chinese. (pg 465.)