Chapter 18 Section 4 Critical Thinking #4

In your opinion, should the United States have become involved in the affairs of Colombia, Nicaragua, and Mexico during the early 1900s? Support your answer with details. Think About:
• the effect of the Roosevelt Corollary
• the results of dollar diplomacy
• the implication of Wilson’s missionary diplomacy
The US should have become more involved with the affairs of Colombia, Nicaragua, and Mexico because it gave the US a strong economy. Roosevelt Corollary was the idea of "speak with a soft voice, but carry a big stick". He would threaten nations into doing what he wanted, and if they did there would be no violence. He used this idea and used the corollary which said that: "the United States would now use force to protect its economic interests in Latin America." Dollar diplomacy was the practise of repaying nations loans so that these nations would come under control of the US. After repaying theses debts, in Nicaragua for example, after the US repayed their debts the US gained control of its national bank and its railroads. Also Wilson's missionary diplomacy was the idea that the US would not get involved with Latin America unless they were posing any threat to their Latin American interests. For example when Mexico arrested, then realized Amercian citizens, America came in and started to take charge.

Chapter 18, sec.4, Critical Thinking #3

What do you think were the similarities and differences between Roosevelt’s Big Stick policy and Wilson’s missionary diplomacy? Use evidence from the text to support your response. Think About:
• the goal of each of these foreign policies
• how the policies defined the role of U.S. intervention in international affairs
• how the policies were applied
Both Wilson and Roosevelt were for imperialism and were trying to gain new territories. However their ways of accomplishing this goal was different. When it came to foreign affairs Roosevelt threatened people in order to get them to do what he wanted. When Panama became independent Roosevelt has many naval ships there and just a few days later Panama and the US had a deal in order to build the Panama Canal. Wilson would set up missionaries in other areas of the world, to spread Christianity, but when fighting broke out, they would end up controlling that land. Both Roosevelt and Wilson used the Monroe Doctrine to reach this goal. Roosevelt used the Monroe Doctrine as a reason to have control over the entire western hemisphere, he said that it gave the US the right to exercise international police power in the Western Hemisphere. Wilson looked at the Monroe Doctrine and came u with his idea of missionary diplomacy. He said that "the United States had a moral responsibility to deny recognition to any Latin American government it viewed as oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile to U.S. interests." When Mexico arrested some Americans, even though they were released, Wilson used it as an excuse to invade and occupy Veracruz, which was a very important Mexican port.

Chapter 18, sec.3, Critical Thinking #4

How was U.S. policy toward China different from U.S. policy toward the Philippines? To what can you attribute the difference?
US policy towards China was different from its policy towards the Philippines in many ways. Mostly African American troops were sent to stop the rebellion, and many soldiers left the army to join the Philippines side. They had also sent over 70,000 troops, and lost about 4,000. The rebellion took 3 years to stop. At this time the Philippines belonged to America while in China only the trade was being controlled. In china during the Boxer Rebellion America 2,500 American Soldiers and the rebellion was stopped in three months.

Chapter 18, sec.3, Critical Thinking #3

How did American rule of Puerto Rico harm Puerto Ricans? How did it help Puerto Ricans? Do you think the benefits outweighed the harmful effects? Why or why not?

American Rule hurt Puerto Rico because many of the people living in Puerto Rico wanted independence and under American rule they were not getting that. It helped the Puerto Ricans by giving them protection "... not only to yourselves but to your property, to promote your prosperity, and to bestow upon you the immunities and blessings of the liberal institutions of our government.” (pg. 559) The benefits did not outweigh the harmful effects because to the Puerto Ricans it was more harmful than anything. They did not like the fact that they were not independent, and they did not get much say in government for awhile.

Middle East Econmics Summary #3

Oil from the middle east is still increasing in price. The price for oil is now about $89.47 a barrel. There is even talk between analysts that there is a possibility that oil will someday hit the amount of $100 a barrel. OPEC is increasing its production by 500,000 barrels a day in order to meet the high demand for oil. In Iran Hojjatollah Ghanimifard, the international affairs director of the state-owned National Iranian Oil Company predicts that in three months the price of a barrel of oil will be $90. Also the country of Jordan is repaying early debt of $2.5 million to The Paris club which is made of 19 of the worlds richest countries, it includes Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, the UK, and the US. Jordan's total debt at the end of the first quarter of the year was $14,450million. Lastly in Dubai commercial rental average rates have almost tripled from 2005. In 2005 it was $263 a square meter now it is $785 a square meter

Chapter 18 Section 2 Critical Thinking #3

What do you think were the unstated editorial policies of yellow journalism? Support your answer with evidence from the text. Think About:
• James Creelman’s account of Spanish atrocities against Cubans (page 552)
• Hearst’s remark to Remington
• the Journal headline about the explosion of the battleship Maine

The unstated editorial policies of yellow journalism were over exaggeration. Newspapers and writers started to use exaggeration in order to increase sales and increase American interests in the Spanish war. James Creelman for example portrays Cuba as a blood covered territory in which American people and land are becoming injured. He also mentions that Cuba needs help form a "brave" nation. (pg 552) Hearst sent Remington as an artist to Cuba to draw war scenes to show a visual image of what he was writing about. Remington told him that war between Spain and America looked very unlikely and Hearst responded by saying “You furnish the pictures and I’ll furnish the war.” By this he meant, if you send brutal pictures to back up my exaggerated writing we will help lead to the war. By using yellow journalism, he encouraged many Americans to beg for war against Spain. (pg. 553) When the American battleship Maine exploded in Cuba journalists used yellow journalism to exaggerated what happened, and making it so people were for war against Spain. One newspaper even offered a reward of $50,000 to whoever captured the Spanish that did this to the ship.

Chapter 18 Section 1 Critical Thinking #5

5. In the following passage, how dose Indiana senator Albert j. Beveridge explain the need for the US to acquire new territories?

"Fate has written our policy for us; the trade of the world must and shall be ours....We will establish trading posts throughout the world and distributing points for American products.... Great colonies governing themselves, flying our flag and trading with us, will grow about our posts of trade."

In the passage Indian senator Albert J. Beveridge explains the need for America to acquire new territories by saying that it is fate. That America is destined by fate to control the trading system of the world. He is saying that American should set up trades in every part of the world, giving American more power and control. He also mentions that colonies should be set up all over the world. Theses colonies, he belived, would govern themselves. However they would still stay faithfull to America, "fly our flag". He talks about theses new territores that he says is being clamied as if claming them would make them happy to be American, and happy to trade with America.

Chapter 18 Section 1 Critical thinking #3

3. Manifest destiny greatly influenced American policy during the first half of the 19th centuary. How do you think manifest destiny set the stage for American imperialism at the end of the century?
Manifest destiny set the stage for American imperialism at the end of the centuary in many ways. Imperialism is a policy in which one nation takes control of smalle and weeker nations for economic gain. Since americans felt it was thier destiny to span from coast to coast they were not hesitant to take down weeker forces during this process. America first did not want to buy Alaska from Russia, but when they found that it was full of plentiful resorces such as timber minerals, and oil. (pg. 550) America also had a sugar cane trade system going on with Hawaii. At first there was a duty free trading system between America and the Hawaiian Islands. Then a tariff was put into act which led to competition for the Hawaiians in the American market, and American planters in Hawaii did not like the fact that they had to pay the duty so they were calling for an annex. Hawaii also had one of the best ports, Pearl Harbor. Since Hawaii was alot smaller and weeker than the America, American annexed Hawaii and made it a state. (pg. 551)

Chapter 15, sec.5, Critical Thinking #4

Why do you think Wilson failed to push for equality for African Americans, despite his progressive reforms? Think About:
• progressive presidents before Wilson
• Wilson’s background
• the primary group of people progressive reforms targeted

Wilson failed to push for equality despite his progressive reforms because of the reasons following. Like president Roosevelt he claimed progressive ideas however his main focus was reforming the government, in a different way than Roosevelt. He believed in attacking large companies and or concentrations of power in order to give more freedom to the average person. (pg.538) Wilson had a huge prejudice against the African Americans which led to him not using much of his Federal power to help improve the civil rights of the African Americans. This prejudice was that he was from the south and grew up during the Civil War and the Reconstruction. (pg.539) Also Wilson's primary group of people progressive reforms targeted was not the African Americans. It was the big corporations and the extremely wealthy people. He wanted to to lower tariff rates and to have an income tax. This income tax would increase in the percent of your income it took by the larger amounts of money you have. (pg.540)

Chapter 17 Section 3 Critical Thinking #5

5. Why did W. E. B. Du Bois oppose Booker T. Washington’s Views on racial discrimination?
W. E. B. Du Bois opposed Booker T. Washington’s view on racial discrimination Washington was blaming African Americans for their own poverty and urging them to accept racial discrimination. Bois was opposed to this because he did not like that fact that Washington did not think that African Americans could improve and or get rid of the discrimination against them. Bois also felt that Washington thought that African Americans should not have equal and non segregated schools with the whites and that African Americans should not have the right to vote. Bois did not agree with this one bit, he felt that African Americans were being treated unjustly and were not bring poverty upon themselves. He also thought that African Americans should have the right to vote and that they are just as equal in brain power as whites. (pg. 531)

Chapter 17 Section 2 Critical Thinking #5

Imagine you are a woman during the Progressive Era. Explain how you might recruit other women to support the following causes: improving education, housing reform, food and drug laws, the right to vote. Think About:
• the problems that each movement was trying to remedy
• how women benefited from each cause

If I was a women during the progressive Era in order to recruit other women for the causes of improving education, housing reform, food and drug laws, and the right to vote I would do as follows. I would state the problems that each of these causes was trying to remedy. I would talk about how education was not equal for men and women, women were not allowed in some colleges such as Colombia, Brown, and Harvard. I would say that if women were to help make education equal for both men and women then women would be able to have the same education, leading to more opportunities in the work force. I would also talk about how we could improve the conditions at a persons house, and how it would make it easier to work at home. Another thing I would talk about is the food and drug reformations and how they would try to reform the food and drugs, making safer for women and people in general. One last thing I would talk about is the right to vote, and how because even though women are citizens just like men they do not have the same rights as to when it comes to voting. I would say that if they were to help in the cause of women’s suffrage then they would someday have the right to vote.

Chapter 17 Section 1 Critical Thinking #4

This cartoon shows Carry Nation inside a saloon that she has attacked. Do you think the cartoonist had a favorable or unfavorable opinion of this prohibitionist? Explain.
The cartoon of Carry Nation inside a saloon that she has just recently attacked is showing an unfavorable opinion of her as a prohibitionist. In the 1890s Carry Nation went into saloons and scolded the men for drinking alcohol and then would break their bottles of alcohol with the hatchet she carried around. In the Cartoon it shows the whole bar looking as if it had just been maliciously attacked. Things on the walls are broken, mirrors are cracked, and the majority of the things in the bar are also broken and or cracked. It has Carry Nation standing in the middle of all of this with a hatchet in her hand. Since the cartoonist made it so everything in the bar is broken up and destroyed it is showing that the cartoonist who drew this has a unfavorable opinion of Carry Nation and her probation movements.

Chapter 17 section 1 critical thinking #3

In what ways might Illinois, Wisconsin, and Oregon all be considered trailblazers in progressive reform? Support your answers. Think About:
• legislative and electoral reforms at the state level
• the leadership of William U’Ren and Robert La Follette
• Florence Kelley’s appointment as chief inspector of factories for Illinois



Illinois, Wisconsin, and Oregon can all be considered trailblazers in progressive reform because of the reasons following. Oregon started a reform in the elections by introducing the initiative, the referendum, and recalls. An initiative is a bill originated by the people on the ballots. A referendum is a vote on the initiative by the people on whether or not to reject it. Last but not least a Recall is when voters remove an officer from public office and have a reelection before his term ends, in which it is voted on by the people. Also the leaderships of William U'Ren and Robert La Follette helped contribute. Willian U'Ren introduced the idea of the secret ballot, which was made of the initiative, the referendum, and recalls. He was form Oregon. (pg. 518) Robert La Follette from Wisconsin served 3 years as Governor and then became part of the senate. He attacked railroad companies by taxing them at the same rate as other business property, set up commission to regulate rates, and made it so rail roads could not issues free passes to state officials. (pg.516) Also Florence Kelley helped win the Illinois Factory Act in 1893, which prohibited child labor and limited women's working hours, and became a model for other states.

Middle East Econmics Summary #2

There has been an increasing amount of different things happening in the Middle East when it comes to economics. Because the US dollar increasing to lose value and now in Iran it is predicted that if the US dollar oil will cost $90 a barrel not the $81 it is now. Also in Saudi Arabia they are offering up the right to manage their main international airports. They are having an auction for this right which could either help or hurt the nations economy. Another thing that is going on in the middle east is that in Algeria the government has dissolved 120 state-owned companies. Many deals are being made right now, for example the company Algerie Telecom which is a company of a number of international telecoms companies have been trying to get a 35-51 percent stake in the state operator.