How did Hoover’s belief in “rugged individualism” shape his policies during the Great Depression? Think About:
• what his belief implies about his view of people
• how that translates into the role of government
• Hoover’s policies
Hoover's belief in "riugged individualsim" shaped his polices during the Great Depression greatly. He belived that the if he gave the Americans the tools they need to make it through the great depression but not tell them what to do that they would figure it out. He belived that the role of the government was not to force people to do things but to help them, he wanted to make sure that they could make it themselves and help themselves in a time of tragidy. He didnt want to give handouts or chairity to the people because he belived it would weaken thier "moral fiber" and weaken thier self respects.
Thursday, November 29, 2007
Chapter 22, sec.1, Critical Thinking #4
Judging from the events of the late 1920s and early 1930s, how important do you think public confidence is to the health of the economy? Explain. Think About:
• what happened when overconfidence in the stock market led people to speculate and buy on margin
• how confidence affects consumer borrowing
Public confidence is unhealthy to the economy. This is beacuse in the 1920s and the 1930s people became to confidant in the system and when the stock market crashed, it ended up in the great depression. People were too overconfidante in the stock market and put large amounts of money in it, and when they made a profit, didnt sell because they wanted more money, and thought they would get it because the economy was constantly going up. People started to buy on margin in stocks, which ment that they could by a stock for a certain price and pay the rest later. When the stock market crashed many people did not have the money to pay it back. People also started to depend on credit to buy things. Americans brought mostly everything on credit, some which they could not afford, and when the depression hit they had no way on order to pay these debts.
• what happened when overconfidence in the stock market led people to speculate and buy on margin
• how confidence affects consumer borrowing
Public confidence is unhealthy to the economy. This is beacuse in the 1920s and the 1930s people became to confidant in the system and when the stock market crashed, it ended up in the great depression. People were too overconfidante in the stock market and put large amounts of money in it, and when they made a profit, didnt sell because they wanted more money, and thought they would get it because the economy was constantly going up. People started to buy on margin in stocks, which ment that they could by a stock for a certain price and pay the rest later. When the stock market crashed many people did not have the money to pay it back. People also started to depend on credit to buy things. Americans brought mostly everything on credit, some which they could not afford, and when the depression hit they had no way on order to pay these debts.
Chapter 22, sec.2, Critical Thinking #3
How was what happened to men during the Great Depression different from what happened to women? children? Think About:
• each group’s role in their families
• the changes each group had to make
• what help was available to them
There were many different things happening to men, women and children during the Great Depression. During this time period men were the head of the household and had the largest input on the families money. When men were being layed off men had to go out everyday searching for a job or living in the streets trying to find a way to support his family. If he didn't have a family he traveled alone on train cars hoping to escape his problem and find a job else where, which never really happened because jobs were so scarce. Women were making less money then men were if they had a job and if they did not their main role was to raise the children and keep the house. During the great depression women who were neighbors worked together in order to save money. They managed budgets, sewed clothes, and canned food. Less jobs were available to women during the depression to men, some cities even refused to hire married women as schoolteachers. Children suffered a lot during the depression. Many schools shut down and many children ended up working or traveling freight trains. Those who ended up working were stuck in sweatshops. Also child welfare programs were rid. Children also had lots of diseases because of poor health.
• each group’s role in their families
• the changes each group had to make
• what help was available to them
There were many different things happening to men, women and children during the Great Depression. During this time period men were the head of the household and had the largest input on the families money. When men were being layed off men had to go out everyday searching for a job or living in the streets trying to find a way to support his family. If he didn't have a family he traveled alone on train cars hoping to escape his problem and find a job else where, which never really happened because jobs were so scarce. Women were making less money then men were if they had a job and if they did not their main role was to raise the children and keep the house. During the great depression women who were neighbors worked together in order to save money. They managed budgets, sewed clothes, and canned food. Less jobs were available to women during the depression to men, some cities even refused to hire married women as schoolteachers. Children suffered a lot during the depression. Many schools shut down and many children ended up working or traveling freight trains. Those who ended up working were stuck in sweatshops. Also child welfare programs were rid. Children also had lots of diseases because of poor health.
Chapter 22, sec.2, Critical Thinking #4
How did Dust Bowl conditions in the Great Plains affect the entire country?
The Dust Bowl conditions effected the entire country in many ways. Many farmers land and homes were covered in dirt and dust, so they had to leave them behind and thousands of farmers and sharecropers moved to california and Oklahoma in order to get away from the dust. There were deaths from inhaling the dust, the majority of these deaths were babbies and older people. The dust was created from farmers plowing up prairie lands. The dust ended up traveling hundreds of miles and it ended up hitting the East Coast.
The Dust Bowl conditions effected the entire country in many ways. Many farmers land and homes were covered in dirt and dust, so they had to leave them behind and thousands of farmers and sharecropers moved to california and Oklahoma in order to get away from the dust. There were deaths from inhaling the dust, the majority of these deaths were babbies and older people. The dust was created from farmers plowing up prairie lands. The dust ended up traveling hundreds of miles and it ended up hitting the East Coast.
Tuesday, November 27, 2007
North Africa Summary #1
In North Africa there has been many events going on with its economy. First of all the 2nd Economic Conference opened in Addis Ababa. The main goals of the conferences is to find better "knowledge production and dissemination". They also focused on knowledge management hoping that this new knowledge would help provide a better economy for Africa as a whole. Also Egypt is in the Arab Free Trade Area that contains 17 out of the 22 Arab states. Egypt proposed the the Arab leaders that "...they were hoping that such a high level meeting would help address a combination of problems.." . The meeting would try to fix economic problems that Egypt along with other Arab countries. Also in Egypt petroleum companies that were chosen among the best 10 Arab companies, 1,000 were surveyed. In Egypt it is predicted that the world might reach the peak production of 95million barrels of oil per day (BOPD). Egypt is now trying to find and use different energy strategies in order to maintain energy supplies in Egypt. In Libya $123.4 billion is being used for public works, including schools, for the next 5 years.
Thursday, November 15, 2007
Chapter 21, section 4 critical thinking #5
What did the Harlem Renaissance contribute to both black and general American history?
The Harlem Renaissance contributed many things to both black and American History. It helped bring new African American Pride, and hope for protection of their rights. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People tried to pass antilynching bills. Even though these attempts failed, lynching did decrease. African Americans started to influence music. They invented Jazz and Jazz became the next big thing in america. Many books, plays, and musicals were written about African Americans, which became very popular. Famous songs like "Love Will Find A Way" came from the Renaissance.
The Harlem Renaissance contributed many things to both black and American History. It helped bring new African American Pride, and hope for protection of their rights. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People tried to pass antilynching bills. Even though these attempts failed, lynching did decrease. African Americans started to influence music. They invented Jazz and Jazz became the next big thing in america. Many books, plays, and musicals were written about African Americans, which became very popular. Famous songs like "Love Will Find A Way" came from the Renaissance.
Chapter 21, section 1 critical thinking #5
Do you think the passage of the Volstead Act and the ruling in the Scopes trial represented genuine triumphs for traditional values? Think About:
• changes in urban life in the 1920s
• the effects of Prohibition
• the legacy of the Scopes trial
I do not think that the Volstead Act and the ruling in the Scopes trial were genuine triumphs for traditional values. They ended up decreasing and not helping traditional values hold their importance. In the 1920 life changes dramatically. City life became very popular, but it was a big switch from small towns where everybody knew everybody to fast strange cities. Life became faster, and less laid back. Things like the night life started, Alcohol now became used in social scenes in which they were not used in small towns along with things like gambling and casual dating. Then came the Prohibition of alcohol. At first drinking and crime did decrease. However people started sneaking in alcohol through bootleggers and other methods. Gangsters started to come into play and people were murdered. The law for prohibition got barley any respect, which led to people starting to disrespect the law even more. When the Volstead Act was passed in order to help get rid of the illegal sale of alcohol there was no funding for the Prohibition Bureau to be able to do anything. When a teacher, Scopes, read a line from the book Civic Biology he was tried for breaking a law that made it illegal to teach evolution in the state of Tennessee. He was tried and the whole nation became interested in his case. He was found guilty and charged a fine of $100. However even though the side that was trying to keep traditional values alive the case raised questions about evolution and religion, it made people more aware and ended up hurting traditional values than helping.
• changes in urban life in the 1920s
• the effects of Prohibition
• the legacy of the Scopes trial
I do not think that the Volstead Act and the ruling in the Scopes trial were genuine triumphs for traditional values. They ended up decreasing and not helping traditional values hold their importance. In the 1920 life changes dramatically. City life became very popular, but it was a big switch from small towns where everybody knew everybody to fast strange cities. Life became faster, and less laid back. Things like the night life started, Alcohol now became used in social scenes in which they were not used in small towns along with things like gambling and casual dating. Then came the Prohibition of alcohol. At first drinking and crime did decrease. However people started sneaking in alcohol through bootleggers and other methods. Gangsters started to come into play and people were murdered. The law for prohibition got barley any respect, which led to people starting to disrespect the law even more. When the Volstead Act was passed in order to help get rid of the illegal sale of alcohol there was no funding for the Prohibition Bureau to be able to do anything. When a teacher, Scopes, read a line from the book Civic Biology he was tried for breaking a law that made it illegal to teach evolution in the state of Tennessee. He was tried and the whole nation became interested in his case. He was found guilty and charged a fine of $100. However even though the side that was trying to keep traditional values alive the case raised questions about evolution and religion, it made people more aware and ended up hurting traditional values than helping.
Chapter 20, section 1 critical thinking #3
Do you think Americans were justified in their fear of radicals and foreigners in the decade following World War I? Explain your answer. Think About:
• the goals of the leaders of the Russian Revolution
• the challenges facing the United States
I think the Americans were justified in their fears of radicals and foreigners in the decade following World War I. They were justified in this because of the goals of the leaders of the Russian Revolution and also because of the challenges that were being faced in the US. The leaders of the Russian Revolution was threatening to the way of life for Americans. Vladimir I Lenin was a Communist who wanted to abolish capitalism everywhere. Lenin along with the Bolsheviks wanted a world wide revolution which would lead to the world having capitalism. The communist party The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) sent bombs out to government officials and business leaders. With these threats to Americans way of life Immigration became restricted in order to stop radicals from entering the country, people became afraid of large amount of Communists coming into America and making it into a communistic government. This created a large amount of Nativism. Because of this large increase in Nativism foreigners became feared and hated and groups like the KKK gained power.
• the goals of the leaders of the Russian Revolution
• the challenges facing the United States
I think the Americans were justified in their fears of radicals and foreigners in the decade following World War I. They were justified in this because of the goals of the leaders of the Russian Revolution and also because of the challenges that were being faced in the US. The leaders of the Russian Revolution was threatening to the way of life for Americans. Vladimir I Lenin was a Communist who wanted to abolish capitalism everywhere. Lenin along with the Bolsheviks wanted a world wide revolution which would lead to the world having capitalism. The communist party The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) sent bombs out to government officials and business leaders. With these threats to Americans way of life Immigration became restricted in order to stop radicals from entering the country, people became afraid of large amount of Communists coming into America and making it into a communistic government. This created a large amount of Nativism. Because of this large increase in Nativism foreigners became feared and hated and groups like the KKK gained power.
Sunday, November 4, 2007
Chapter 19, sec.1, Critical Thinking #3
Describe some ways in which World War I threatened the lives of civilians on both sides of the Atlantic.
WWI threatened the lives of civilians on both sides of the Atlantic in many ways. People in America were living in fear of war. They did things like rationed food to help conserve it as to help with the war effort. Also when troops were sent over seas many job opportunities opened up. The Zimmerman Note suggested a potential threat from Mexico, increasing Fear in the US. In Europe civilians were being killed during the war, for example the German U-Boats. physical boundaries were being changed. Families were being separated because of the war. Economic and Military power was shifting. The British blockade killed many civilians and cause famine.
WWI threatened the lives of civilians on both sides of the Atlantic in many ways. People in America were living in fear of war. They did things like rationed food to help conserve it as to help with the war effort. Also when troops were sent over seas many job opportunities opened up. The Zimmerman Note suggested a potential threat from Mexico, increasing Fear in the US. In Europe civilians were being killed during the war, for example the German U-Boats. physical boundaries were being changed. Families were being separated because of the war. Economic and Military power was shifting. The British blockade killed many civilians and cause famine.
Chapter 19, sec.4, Critical Thinking #5
Predict Germany’s reaction to the Treaty of Versailles. Give reasons for your predictions. Think About:
• what Germans thought of the war-guilt clause
• German reaction to reparations
• how Germans felt about the loss of territory
Germany's reaction to the Treaty of Versailles is most likely frustration and a want for revenge. The Germans were humiliated by the war-guilt clause which made it so Germany had to take the soul blame for the war. This upset them because other European powers were also in the fault for provoking diplomatic crises before the war. The reparations made it so Germany had to pay the allies $33 billion for war damages. It also made it so the region of Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France. German also lost territory. They lost their colonies in the Pacific which could have helped pay for the $33 billion. Some Germany land was given to the Polish in order to make Poland, and now some Germans were under the control of the Polish.
• what Germans thought of the war-guilt clause
• German reaction to reparations
• how Germans felt about the loss of territory
Germany's reaction to the Treaty of Versailles is most likely frustration and a want for revenge. The Germans were humiliated by the war-guilt clause which made it so Germany had to take the soul blame for the war. This upset them because other European powers were also in the fault for provoking diplomatic crises before the war. The reparations made it so Germany had to pay the allies $33 billion for war damages. It also made it so the region of Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France. German also lost territory. They lost their colonies in the Pacific which could have helped pay for the $33 billion. Some Germany land was given to the Polish in order to make Poland, and now some Germans were under the control of the Polish.
Chapter 19, sec.4, Critical Thinking #3
Why didn’t the Treaty of Versailles lay the foundations for a lasting peace?
The Treaty of Versailles didn't lay a foundation for lasting peace because their were many flaws left in it. When the treaty was written Germany and Austria Hungry was not a part of this process. Because of this the decisions made in the treaty were not in favor to Germany. Tension still remained in Europe. The Prime Minister was reelected because of his slogan "make Germany pay" and the Italian prime minister wanted control of Austria controlled land. The treaty made it so Germany had to pay $33 billion war damages to the Allies. It also involved a war-guilt clause in which Germany had to take full responsibility for the war. Germany was barred from having an army and had it's colonies in the Pacific taken away from it. Russia was also not at the writting of the treaty and had land taken away from it, and was very determined to get it back. Many Germans, including Adolf Hitler, were upset that 2 million germans died in vain, and wanted revenge.
The Treaty of Versailles didn't lay a foundation for lasting peace because their were many flaws left in it. When the treaty was written Germany and Austria Hungry was not a part of this process. Because of this the decisions made in the treaty were not in favor to Germany. Tension still remained in Europe. The Prime Minister was reelected because of his slogan "make Germany pay" and the Italian prime minister wanted control of Austria controlled land. The treaty made it so Germany had to pay $33 billion war damages to the Allies. It also involved a war-guilt clause in which Germany had to take full responsibility for the war. Germany was barred from having an army and had it's colonies in the Pacific taken away from it. Russia was also not at the writting of the treaty and had land taken away from it, and was very determined to get it back. Many Germans, including Adolf Hitler, were upset that 2 million germans died in vain, and wanted revenge.
Chapter 19, sec.3, Critical Thinking #5
Do you think that the war had a positive or a negative effect on American society? Think About:
• how the propaganda campaign influenced people’s behavior
• the new job opportunities for African Americans and women
• how the government controlled industry
I think the war mostly had a positive effect on American society. The propaganda campaign influenced peoples behaviors and made people pro-war. When the US declared war on Germany because of the submarine attacks on civilians, the majority of the US population was already pro-war. Even though there discrimination towards Germans who were US citizens, if the majority of the nation was not pro-war there may have been more riots and or disturbances in society. Since the was significantly decreased European immigration and a large amount of men were over seas fighting there were many job opportunities. Job's that were normally reserved for men were now open to women, and many African Americans were moving to cities in the north and were given job opportunities. This helped lead to less segregation and women gained the right to vote. The govenment also had a larger control on industry and its production and sales. Because of this the US's economy grew very greatly.
• how the propaganda campaign influenced people’s behavior
• the new job opportunities for African Americans and women
• how the government controlled industry
I think the war mostly had a positive effect on American society. The propaganda campaign influenced peoples behaviors and made people pro-war. When the US declared war on Germany because of the submarine attacks on civilians, the majority of the US population was already pro-war. Even though there discrimination towards Germans who were US citizens, if the majority of the nation was not pro-war there may have been more riots and or disturbances in society. Since the was significantly decreased European immigration and a large amount of men were over seas fighting there were many job opportunities. Job's that were normally reserved for men were now open to women, and many African Americans were moving to cities in the north and were given job opportunities. This helped lead to less segregation and women gained the right to vote. The govenment also had a larger control on industry and its production and sales. Because of this the US's economy grew very greatly.
Chapter 19, sec.3, Critical Thinking #3
How did the war affect government power? Think About:
• how private business worked with government
• how much control the president gained over the economy
• the Espionage and Sedition Acts
WWI increased government power. Private businesses worked with the government in order to help raise money for the war. They did things like use mass-production in order to increase industrial production. The President gained a lot of control over the economy. He gained the power to control prices on war related items. He could also regulate, even nationalize, war related industries. The government also passed things like the Espionage and Sedition Acts. These acts punished and silenced anyone who spoke out against the war. For example, if any newspaper opposed these acts they would lose their mailing privileges.
• how private business worked with government
• how much control the president gained over the economy
• the Espionage and Sedition Acts
WWI increased government power. Private businesses worked with the government in order to help raise money for the war. They did things like use mass-production in order to increase industrial production. The President gained a lot of control over the economy. He gained the power to control prices on war related items. He could also regulate, even nationalize, war related industries. The government also passed things like the Espionage and Sedition Acts. These acts punished and silenced anyone who spoke out against the war. For example, if any newspaper opposed these acts they would lose their mailing privileges.
Chapter 19, sec.2, Critical Thinking #3
3. DRAWING CONCLUSIONS In what ways did WWI represent a frightening new kind of warfare? Think About:
• the casualty figures
• new military technology
• shell shock
WWI represented a frightening new kind of warfare because it had some of the worse conditions and the highest death toll of all wars up to this time. WWI had some of the greatest casualties figures up to its time, the death total was about 22 million and the total wounded were around 20million, also 10 million became refuges. The United States lost 48,000 battle, 62,000 were dying of disease and 200,000 were wounded. New military technology added to the frightening new kind of warfare. Machine guns made it so people could be mowed down easily and loading bullets no longer took up time. Tanks made it so barbed wire could be plowed down in order to provide a safe way for infantry to move forward. Airplanes could now drop bombs on people and troops that were below. Things like poison gas became such a problem that gas masks were now mandatory. "Shell Shock" also became a problem. "Shell Shock" was an emotional collapse in which mad some people literally lose their minds. Some people never did recover from it.
• the casualty figures
• new military technology
• shell shock
WWI represented a frightening new kind of warfare because it had some of the worse conditions and the highest death toll of all wars up to this time. WWI had some of the greatest casualties figures up to its time, the death total was about 22 million and the total wounded were around 20million, also 10 million became refuges. The United States lost 48,000 battle, 62,000 were dying of disease and 200,000 were wounded. New military technology added to the frightening new kind of warfare. Machine guns made it so people could be mowed down easily and loading bullets no longer took up time. Tanks made it so barbed wire could be plowed down in order to provide a safe way for infantry to move forward. Airplanes could now drop bombs on people and troops that were below. Things like poison gas became such a problem that gas masks were now mandatory. "Shell Shock" also became a problem. "Shell Shock" was an emotional collapse in which mad some people literally lose their minds. Some people never did recover from it.
Chapter 19, sec.1, Critical Thinking #5
Why do you think Germany escalated its U-boat attacks in 1917? Think About:
• Germany’s military buildup
• the effects of the British blockade
• Germany’s reason for using submarine warfare
Germany escalated its U-boat attacks in 1917 in order to prove that it had the strongest Navy. Before this Britain had the largest and most powerful navy because it is an island. Germany want to have the largest army, so it became competitive with Britain. Germany wanted to be "superior"for nationalistic reason, and also having a larger navy would make it easier when it came to imperialism. Germany was also being very effected by the British blockade. The blockade blocked the German coast preventing weapons and other military supplies from getting to Germany. American goods could not reach Germany and Germany could not get food/fertilizers into the country. Famine struck and 750,000 Germans starved to death. Germany supported their use of using the submarines by saying they were preventing Britain from receiving more supplies and that they were hindering her ability to support her allies. Germany also said that because they had less naval power they had to fight a naval "guerrilla warfare".
• Germany’s military buildup
• the effects of the British blockade
• Germany’s reason for using submarine warfare
Germany escalated its U-boat attacks in 1917 in order to prove that it had the strongest Navy. Before this Britain had the largest and most powerful navy because it is an island. Germany want to have the largest army, so it became competitive with Britain. Germany wanted to be "superior"for nationalistic reason, and also having a larger navy would make it easier when it came to imperialism. Germany was also being very effected by the British blockade. The blockade blocked the German coast preventing weapons and other military supplies from getting to Germany. American goods could not reach Germany and Germany could not get food/fertilizers into the country. Famine struck and 750,000 Germans starved to death. Germany supported their use of using the submarines by saying they were preventing Britain from receiving more supplies and that they were hindering her ability to support her allies. Germany also said that because they had less naval power they had to fight a naval "guerrilla warfare".
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