What effects did the migration from rural areas to the cities in the late 19th century have on urban society? Think About:
• why people moved to cities
• the problems caused by rapid urban growth
• the differences in the experiences of whites and blacks
The migration form rural areas to cities had a negative effect on urban society. Many people moved to the cities in because it made the most sense. It was cheap and affordable and had many steady jobs, like in mills in factories. (pg. 469) However because of the fact that it was easier to live in the city more people moved there, causing rapid urban growth. Since the population of the city increased the living enviorments became cramped and disgusting. It was hard for most people to get a hold of clean water, and fires were happening everywhere. People just through garbage out the window or onto the streets, causing a even more disgusting living enviorment. Also pick pocketing and thief became extremely popular. (pg. 470-471) African Americans had a very differnt and harder life trying to get by in city life because there was alot of competition and tension between them and white people for jobs. (pg. 469)
Monday, September 24, 2007
Chapter 15, sec.2, Critical Thinking #4
Which solution (or attempt solution) to an urban problem discussed in this section do you think had the most impact?
The solution to the urban problem of people being under educated and to the sanity of the living quarters was Settlement houses. Settlement houses were set up by college educated women in slum areas in order to give assistance to the people living there. They sent nurses to the sick. They taught people English, health, painting, and offered college extension courses.By 1910 there were over 400 Settlement houses set up in America.
The solution to the urban problem of people being under educated and to the sanity of the living quarters was Settlement houses. Settlement houses were set up by college educated women in slum areas in order to give assistance to the people living there. They sent nurses to the sick. They taught people English, health, painting, and offered college extension courses.By 1910 there were over 400 Settlement houses set up in America.
Chapter 15, sec.2, Critical Thinking #3
Why do immigrants tend to group together in cities?
When the immigrants came to america people of the same cultures, nation, or religions tendend to live in the same city. This happened because the immigrants did not want to leave thier cultures and language behind, and if they lived with people of the same cultures and who spoke the same language as them then thier was less pressure to lose thier culture. They could continue to practise thier religons and speak thier language together. (pg.469)
When the immigrants came to america people of the same cultures, nation, or religions tendend to live in the same city. This happened because the immigrants did not want to leave thier cultures and language behind, and if they lived with people of the same cultures and who spoke the same language as them then thier was less pressure to lose thier culture. They could continue to practise thier religons and speak thier language together. (pg.469)
Chapter 15, sec.1, Critical Thinking #4
What were the effects of the massive influx of immigrants to the US in the late 1800s?
There were many effects of the massive influx of immigrants to the US in the late 1800s. One effect was idea of Negativism became very large. Negativism was favoritism towards native born Americans and they objected to immigrants, but not immigrants from the "right countries". Like Brittan, Germany, and Scandinavia. Attacks were launched on Catholics, and many Jews were not allowed to attend certain colleges and social groups. (pg.464) Another effect was the Chinese Exclusion act which made it so Chinese people that were not students, merchants, teachers, tourists, or government officials were not allowed to immigrant in the years 1892-1943. (pg.465) Then in San Fransisco schools were segregated for Japanese and other Americans. Japan then became upset with the way its emigrants were being treated and the Gentleman's Agreement came into effect. The agreement made it so Japan limited the number of emigrants and the schools in San Fransisco were unsegregated. (pg. 465)
Chapter 15, sec.1, Critical Thinking #3
Which group of immigrants do you think faced the greatest challenges in the United States? Why?
The group of immigrants that faced the greatest in the Unites States would have to be the Chinese. The Chinese mostly came into America from Angel Island which had worse conditions than Ellis Island. It had a filthy enviorment and when the immigrants came to the island they had to endure harsh questioning then wait in ramshackle buildings. (pg. 463) The rest of the American population was well aware of the fact that the Chinese were willing to work for lower wages, and were afraid that they would take all of the jobs. Then an anti Chinese group was started by the workingmens party, which led to the Chinese exclusion act. The act was passed in 1882 and did not end until 1943. The act baned entry to the US to all Chinese except for students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials. Often there was even mob attacks on the Chinese. (pg 465.)
The group of immigrants that faced the greatest in the Unites States would have to be the Chinese. The Chinese mostly came into America from Angel Island which had worse conditions than Ellis Island. It had a filthy enviorment and when the immigrants came to the island they had to endure harsh questioning then wait in ramshackle buildings. (pg. 463) The rest of the American population was well aware of the fact that the Chinese were willing to work for lower wages, and were afraid that they would take all of the jobs. Then an anti Chinese group was started by the workingmens party, which led to the Chinese exclusion act. The act was passed in 1882 and did not end until 1943. The act baned entry to the US to all Chinese except for students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials. Often there was even mob attacks on the Chinese. (pg 465.)
Thursday, September 20, 2007
Middle East Connections
Irans economy is being effected by the nations around it becuse of its huge export in oil. Iran used to sell most of its oil using the US currency, but latley it has been incresinlgy using other currenccies bcecause the value of the US dollar has started to drop in value. Also oil prices are very high, and this is belived to have occured because of the worlds ecconomy more than because of shock events.
Monday, September 17, 2007
Chapter 14, sec.3, Critical Thinking
Do you think that the tycoons of the late 19th century are best described as ruthless robber barons or as effective captains of industry? Think About:
• Their management tactics and business strategies
• Their contributions to the economy
• Their attitude toward competition
The tycoons can best be described as ruthless robber barons. They can be descirbed this was because of their management tactics and business strategies. Some of these strategies include paying employees low wages and having the factories in poor and dangerous conditions. Because of the dangerous and disgusting facilities the employees became very sick, or injured. However the employees were not allowed to take sick days or vacations, and they were also not compensated for their injuries. Also because of the very low wages whole families had to work in order to survive. Also their contributions to the economy were not really contributing. Even though they may have donated money, they kept an enormous amount for themselves while their workers were suffering.They fought the unions which were a growing thing in America that was helping people to get enough money to live by and better working rights.
Their attitude toward competition was very ruthless. They would lower their prices and gain control of other companies and then raise prices. They made it hard for competing companies to survive and stifled free competition. When the sherman act was founded they found ways to subdue it. Which even more stifled free competions
• Their management tactics and business strategies
• Their contributions to the economy
• Their attitude toward competition
The tycoons can best be described as ruthless robber barons. They can be descirbed this was because of their management tactics and business strategies. Some of these strategies include paying employees low wages and having the factories in poor and dangerous conditions. Because of the dangerous and disgusting facilities the employees became very sick, or injured. However the employees were not allowed to take sick days or vacations, and they were also not compensated for their injuries. Also because of the very low wages whole families had to work in order to survive. Also their contributions to the economy were not really contributing. Even though they may have donated money, they kept an enormous amount for themselves while their workers were suffering.They fought the unions which were a growing thing in America that was helping people to get enough money to live by and better working rights.
Their attitude toward competition was very ruthless. They would lower their prices and gain control of other companies and then raise prices. They made it hard for competing companies to survive and stifled free competition. When the sherman act was founded they found ways to subdue it. Which even more stifled free competions
Sunday, September 16, 2007
Middle East Econmics Summary #1
In the middle east there have recently been many influential things going on in economics. In Iran oil is now being sold at more increasingly rates in other currenceys other than the US dollar. They are doing this because of the decrease in the vaule of the dollar. Since Iran relys very heavily on its exports it has been effected by the decrease in the value of the US dollar. Also in Irans oil exports they have been effect by the inflation in the price of oil. Iran is a part of Opec. Now opec members are increasing the amount of barrels a day (an increase of 500,00 barrles). The stock market in Qatar (GDP) is now predicted to rise to $97bn in 2011. Also in Oman the IPO was oversubscribed by 14.5 times.
Chapter 14, sec.2, Critical Thinking
4.The federal government gave land and made loans to the railroad companies. Why was the government so eager to promote the growth of railroads?
The gave away great amounts of land and gave the railroad companies many loans. The government was so eager to promote the growth of the railroads because it was helping the nation as a whole. The railroads helped connect the US. It also made it so farmers and other people could now sell their products easier, and be able to reach more people more efficiently. Also the railroads gave more people job opportunities. Also along the railroads more people were settling, so the more railroads there where, the more settlements will occur.
The gave away great amounts of land and gave the railroad companies many loans. The government was so eager to promote the growth of the railroads because it was helping the nation as a whole. The railroads helped connect the US. It also made it so farmers and other people could now sell their products easier, and be able to reach more people more efficiently. Also the railroads gave more people job opportunities. Also along the railroads more people were settling, so the more railroads there where, the more settlements will occur.
Chapter 14, sec.2, guided reading
1. What problems did employees of the railroad companies face?
The problems that the employees of the railroad faced were that while they were laying tracks they were attacked by Native Americans. Also diseases disabled and killed many thousands of men a year.
2. What was it like to live as a Pullman employee in the town of Pullman?
Pullmans residents lived in clean brick houses and apartment buildings which had at least one window in every room. The town also had services like doctors offices, shops, and an athletic field. the residents were not allowed to loiter on their front steps and they were not allowed to drink alcohol.
3. Who was involved in Crédit Mobilier, and what was the purpose of this company?
Stock holders in the union Pacific Railroad formed the construction company Credit Mobilier.They gave the company a contract which gave them power to lay a track at 2-3 times the actually cost, and the stock holders took the profits. A share of the stocks were given to 20 representatives in congress in 1867.
4. In what ways did the railroad companies use their power to hurt farmers?
The railroads used their powers to hurt the farmers by selling land grants to other business and not to settlers, fixing the prices in order to keep farmers in debt, and charged different customers different rates which included them asking for more money for shorter distances.
5. Why didn’t the decision in the Munn v. Illinois case succeed in checking the power of the railroads?
The decision in the Munn v. Illinois case didn't succeed in checking the railroads because the supreme court then passed a law saying that a state could not set rates on interstate commerce.
6. Why didn’t the Interstate Commerce Act immediately limit the power of the railroads?
The interstate Commerce Act didn't immediately limit the railroads because the act lead to a long legal process and resistance form the railroads.
Explain the importance to the United States of the transcontinental railroad. Then, describe who George M. Pullman was and why he is a significant historical figure.
The importance of the transcontinental railroads was that it connected the US together. George Pullman built sleeping cars for railroads and towns for his workers.
The problems that the employees of the railroad faced were that while they were laying tracks they were attacked by Native Americans. Also diseases disabled and killed many thousands of men a year.
2. What was it like to live as a Pullman employee in the town of Pullman?
Pullmans residents lived in clean brick houses and apartment buildings which had at least one window in every room. The town also had services like doctors offices, shops, and an athletic field. the residents were not allowed to loiter on their front steps and they were not allowed to drink alcohol.
3. Who was involved in Crédit Mobilier, and what was the purpose of this company?
Stock holders in the union Pacific Railroad formed the construction company Credit Mobilier.They gave the company a contract which gave them power to lay a track at 2-3 times the actually cost, and the stock holders took the profits. A share of the stocks were given to 20 representatives in congress in 1867.
4. In what ways did the railroad companies use their power to hurt farmers?
The railroads used their powers to hurt the farmers by selling land grants to other business and not to settlers, fixing the prices in order to keep farmers in debt, and charged different customers different rates which included them asking for more money for shorter distances.
5. Why didn’t the decision in the Munn v. Illinois case succeed in checking the power of the railroads?
The decision in the Munn v. Illinois case didn't succeed in checking the railroads because the supreme court then passed a law saying that a state could not set rates on interstate commerce.
6. Why didn’t the Interstate Commerce Act immediately limit the power of the railroads?
The interstate Commerce Act didn't immediately limit the railroads because the act lead to a long legal process and resistance form the railroads.
Explain the importance to the United States of the transcontinental railroad. Then, describe who George M. Pullman was and why he is a significant historical figure.
The importance of the transcontinental railroads was that it connected the US together. George Pullman built sleeping cars for railroads and towns for his workers.
Chapter 14, sec.1, Critical Thinking
5. Which invention or development described in this section had the greatest impact on society?Justify your choice. Think About:
• the applications of inventions
• the impact of inventions on people’s daily lives
• the effect of inventions on the workplace
The invention that had the greatest impact on society was the steam engine drill that invented by Edwin L. Drake. First the application of this invention had more use than the other inventions at that time. The drill now made its so oil could be easily drilled out of the earths surface. This made oil a more practical resource to get a hold of and use. Oil was used to be transformed into kerosene, and later when automobiles were invented and became popular gasoline, which was a byproduct of the refining process that made kerosene, was used to fuel them (pg437).
The invention had a huge effect on the workplace. Many petroleum-refining industries arose. Also many entrepreneurs took advantage of the oil boom to transform the oil into kerosene (pg 437). This invention effected peoples daily lives. Before this oil was hardly used because it was considered impractical. Now there was a plentiful amount of oil to fuel things like kerosene lamps. (pg. 437)
• the applications of inventions
• the impact of inventions on people’s daily lives
• the effect of inventions on the workplace
The invention that had the greatest impact on society was the steam engine drill that invented by Edwin L. Drake. First the application of this invention had more use than the other inventions at that time. The drill now made its so oil could be easily drilled out of the earths surface. This made oil a more practical resource to get a hold of and use. Oil was used to be transformed into kerosene, and later when automobiles were invented and became popular gasoline, which was a byproduct of the refining process that made kerosene, was used to fuel them (pg437).
The invention had a huge effect on the workplace. Many petroleum-refining industries arose. Also many entrepreneurs took advantage of the oil boom to transform the oil into kerosene (pg 437). This invention effected peoples daily lives. Before this oil was hardly used because it was considered impractical. Now there was a plentiful amount of oil to fuel things like kerosene lamps. (pg. 437)
Chapter 14, sec.1, guided reading
Factor 1: Abundant Natural Resources
1. Which resources pl ayes critical roles in industrialization?
The resources that played a critical role in industrialization were the wealth of natural resources, the governments support for business, and the growing urban population which provided businesses cheap labor and markets for new products.
2. How did Edwin L. Drake help industry to acquire larger quantities of oil?
Edwin L. Drake helped the industry acquire larger amounts of oil by creating a steam engine that drills oil from the earths surface, which made the use of oil more practical.
3. How did the Bessemer process allow better use of iron ore?
The Bessemer process allowed better use of iron ore by making it easier for iron to be turned into steel. The process took molten iron and injected air into it turning it into steel.
4. What new uses for steel were developed at this time?
The new uses for steel that were developed was track for trains, barbed wire, farm machines, the Brooklyn Bridge, and skyscrapers
Factor 2: Increasing Number of Inventions
5. How did Thomas Alva Edison contribute to this development?
Thomas Edion contributed to the development by establishing the worlds first resarch laboratory, he perfected the incandescent light bulb, and he envented a entire system that producec and distributed electrical power.
6. How did George Westinghouse contribute to it?
George Westinghouse countributed by working with Edison and making electricity less expensive and safer.
7. How did Christopher Sholes contribute?
Chistopher Sholes contributed by inventing the typewriter.
8. How did Alexander Graham Bell contribute?
Alexander Grahm Bell contributed by inventing the telphone.
Factor 3: Expanding Urban Population
Provided markets for new inventions and industrialgoods
Provided a ready supply of labor for industry
1. Which resources pl ayes critical roles in industrialization?
The resources that played a critical role in industrialization were the wealth of natural resources, the governments support for business, and the growing urban population which provided businesses cheap labor and markets for new products.
2. How did Edwin L. Drake help industry to acquire larger quantities of oil?
Edwin L. Drake helped the industry acquire larger amounts of oil by creating a steam engine that drills oil from the earths surface, which made the use of oil more practical.
3. How did the Bessemer process allow better use of iron ore?
The Bessemer process allowed better use of iron ore by making it easier for iron to be turned into steel. The process took molten iron and injected air into it turning it into steel.
4. What new uses for steel were developed at this time?
The new uses for steel that were developed was track for trains, barbed wire, farm machines, the Brooklyn Bridge, and skyscrapers
Factor 2: Increasing Number of Inventions
5. How did Thomas Alva Edison contribute to this development?
Thomas Edion contributed to the development by establishing the worlds first resarch laboratory, he perfected the incandescent light bulb, and he envented a entire system that producec and distributed electrical power.
6. How did George Westinghouse contribute to it?
George Westinghouse countributed by working with Edison and making electricity less expensive and safer.
7. How did Christopher Sholes contribute?
Chistopher Sholes contributed by inventing the typewriter.
8. How did Alexander Graham Bell contribute?
Alexander Grahm Bell contributed by inventing the telphone.
Factor 3: Expanding Urban Population
Provided markets for new inventions and industrialgoods
Provided a ready supply of labor for industry
Sunday, September 9, 2007
Chapter 13, sec.3, Critical Thinking
What do you think were the most significant factors in bringing an end to the populist party. Think about:
- Monetary policy
- Third-Party status
- Source of the popular support
- Popular participation policy
The most significant factors in bringing an end to the populist party were as follows. First of all was the party's monetary policy. They believed in bimetallism which a majority of the industrial middle west were afraid of inflation,which would end up making the value of money decrease. (pgs 428 & 429)
Another factor was the source of the popular support. The party's support was farmers and people who wanted inflation, which was less than the amount of people opposing the populist party. Their policy was popular participation, which was appealing to the farmers and not as much to the nation as a whole. (pg.429)
One last thing that helped bring an end to the populist party was the fact that they were a third party. Inorder to keep thier identity as a party they nominated thier own vice presedent for the election. Since they did this they became less strong and popular as a party.
Chapter 13, sec.2, Critical Thinking
How successful were government efforts to promote settlements of the great plains? Give examples to support your answer. Think about:
- The growth in population on the Great Plains
- The role of railroads in the economy
- The homestead act
The governments efforts were successful in promoting the settlements of the great plains. First railroad companies were given 17 million acres in land grants, which lead to five transcontinental railroads making it so goods could be shipped from one side of the country to the other. The rail road companies sold some of their land to farmers which increased the settlements in the west. (pg 421)
Another thing the government did was passed the homestead act. The homestead act gave 160 acres of free land to the head of the household who was a citizen or a intended citizen. Up to 600,000 families came and took the free land in the time span of 1862-1900. Then in 1889 the government added to the homestead acts by giving land away in Oklahoma. Two million acres of land was claimed in one day. (pg 421)
One other thing that the showed that the governments efforts were successful was the growth of population in the great Plains. In 1850 1%of the nations population lived in the west of the Mississippi River, and then almost 30%of the nations population lived there by the turn of the century. (pg.422)
Thursday, September 6, 2007
Chapter 13, sec.3, guided reading
The following questions deal with events of the Jeffersonian Era.
1. What problems did many Plains farmers face during the late 1800s?
Many farmers face the challenges of trying to find enough money to pay to keep their harvesting going. They had to put up mortgages on their houses, and many had their houses foreclosed. Also the railroads increased the prices for shipping grain.
2. What was the Grange’s plan for improving conditions for farmers?
The Grange's plan for was to provide a social outlet and an education forum for the isolated farmers and their families. Most of their attention was turned towards fighting the railroads. They taught members how to organize, how to set up farmers' cooperatives, and how to sponsor state legislation to regulate railroads.
3. What did the Populist Party platform call for?
The populist party called for an increase in money supply, which would create an increase in prices received for goods (helping the farmers), a graduated income tax, federal loan program, single terms for the president and the vice president, a secret ballot to end fraud, and a 8 hour workday and restrictions for immigrants.
4. What were the consequences of the Panic of 1893?
People started trading in their paper money in for gold, stocks fell rapidly. The prices of silver then plunged, which led to the closing of silver mines. At the end of that year 15,000 businesses closed and 500 banks.
5. What was the difference between the “gold bugs” and the “silverites”?
The difference between the "gold bugs" and the "silverites" are that the gold bugs wanted money to be backed by gold which would increase the value of money, make prices fall, and less people would have, money. The silverites wanted money to be backed by gold and silver which would decrease the value of money causing deflation, and making it so that more people have money
6. How did the presidential election of 1896 bring an end to populism?
Since Bryan lost the election and he was representing the farmers and populism, Mckinley became presedent. Mickinley did not support the populism party and so with his election the populism party ended.
1. What problems did many Plains farmers face during the late 1800s?
Many farmers face the challenges of trying to find enough money to pay to keep their harvesting going. They had to put up mortgages on their houses, and many had their houses foreclosed. Also the railroads increased the prices for shipping grain.
2. What was the Grange’s plan for improving conditions for farmers?
The Grange's plan for was to provide a social outlet and an education forum for the isolated farmers and their families. Most of their attention was turned towards fighting the railroads. They taught members how to organize, how to set up farmers' cooperatives, and how to sponsor state legislation to regulate railroads.
3. What did the Populist Party platform call for?
The populist party called for an increase in money supply, which would create an increase in prices received for goods (helping the farmers), a graduated income tax, federal loan program, single terms for the president and the vice president, a secret ballot to end fraud, and a 8 hour workday and restrictions for immigrants.
4. What were the consequences of the Panic of 1893?
People started trading in their paper money in for gold, stocks fell rapidly. The prices of silver then plunged, which led to the closing of silver mines. At the end of that year 15,000 businesses closed and 500 banks.
5. What was the difference between the “gold bugs” and the “silverites”?
The difference between the "gold bugs" and the "silverites" are that the gold bugs wanted money to be backed by gold which would increase the value of money, make prices fall, and less people would have, money. The silverites wanted money to be backed by gold and silver which would decrease the value of money causing deflation, and making it so that more people have money
6. How did the presidential election of 1896 bring an end to populism?
Since Bryan lost the election and he was representing the farmers and populism, Mckinley became presedent. Mickinley did not support the populism party and so with his election the populism party ended.
Chapter 13, sec.2, guided reading
A. As you read this section, note how each of the factors listed below (Causes) helped to settle the West and turned the eastern Great Plains into the nation’s “breadbasket” (Effects).
Cause: 1. Land grants given to the railroads.
Effect: It gave many job opportunities to civil war vets, Irish and Chinese immigrants, African Americans and Mexican Americans. After 15 years there was five transcontinental railroads
Cause: 2. The Homestead Act and related laws passed in the 1870s.
Effect: After the homestead acts happened up to 600,000 families and many African Americans came to take the free land. Government agents and private speculators took advantage of this too. miners claimed natural resources, cattlemen fenced up open land.
Cause: 3. Inventions and improvements in farm technology.
Effect: Because of the steel plow, reaping machine, spring tooth harrow, grain drill, barbed wire and the corn binder harvesting grain and keeping control of cattle and keeping pests away from the farmers grain became a lot easier.
Cause: 4. The Morrill Land Grant Acts and Hatch Act.
Effect: Federal land was given to the states in order to set up schools. Agricultural researchers came up with ways to plant grain for arid soil and better techniques for dry farming, this helped the land retain moisture.
B. What were some hardships faced by frontier farmers?
The farmers had extremely dry land to work on, making it hard for crops. Wood was scarce, they had to use mud and sides of hills to build homes. Also machinery was expensive and farmers had to borrow money to pay for them. Prices were never constant, they would go up and down and the profits from the grain was all the farmers had to rely on. Shipping grain prices were also going up. Lots of farmers went into debt.
C. Explain homesteader, soddy, and bonanza farm.
A bonanza farm is a enormous single crop spread of 15000-50000 acres.
A homesteader was a citizen who took advantage of the free land during the homestead acts
A soddy was a home built from blocks of prairie turf.
Cause: 1. Land grants given to the railroads.
Effect: It gave many job opportunities to civil war vets, Irish and Chinese immigrants, African Americans and Mexican Americans. After 15 years there was five transcontinental railroads
Cause: 2. The Homestead Act and related laws passed in the 1870s.
Effect: After the homestead acts happened up to 600,000 families and many African Americans came to take the free land. Government agents and private speculators took advantage of this too. miners claimed natural resources, cattlemen fenced up open land.
Cause: 3. Inventions and improvements in farm technology.
Effect: Because of the steel plow, reaping machine, spring tooth harrow, grain drill, barbed wire and the corn binder harvesting grain and keeping control of cattle and keeping pests away from the farmers grain became a lot easier.
Cause: 4. The Morrill Land Grant Acts and Hatch Act.
Effect: Federal land was given to the states in order to set up schools. Agricultural researchers came up with ways to plant grain for arid soil and better techniques for dry farming, this helped the land retain moisture.
B. What were some hardships faced by frontier farmers?
The farmers had extremely dry land to work on, making it hard for crops. Wood was scarce, they had to use mud and sides of hills to build homes. Also machinery was expensive and farmers had to borrow money to pay for them. Prices were never constant, they would go up and down and the profits from the grain was all the farmers had to rely on. Shipping grain prices were also going up. Lots of farmers went into debt.
C. Explain homesteader, soddy, and bonanza farm.
A bonanza farm is a enormous single crop spread of 15000-50000 acres.
A homesteader was a citizen who took advantage of the free land during the homestead acts
A soddy was a home built from blocks of prairie turf.
Wednesday, September 5, 2007
Chapter 13, sec.1, guided reading
A.1. How did the discovery of gold affect the settlement of the West?
The discovery of gold drew more settlers to the west which introduced more frontier towns, that had extremely filthy living quarters. Railroads were also set up. But because of the increase in the amount of settlers the government made it so the Native American tribes had specific defined boundaries. However these boundaries were not followed most of the time, which lead to fights with the settlers.
2. What happened at Sand Creek?
On November 29, 1864 there was an attack at sand creek by the U.S Army on the Cheyenne and Arapaho Native Americans. The Native Americans were peacefully returning to the Sand Creek Reserve for the winter, they assumed they were under the protection of the US government. However General R. Curtis sent a telegram to colonel John Chivington telling him "I want no peace till the Indians suffer more." Chivington sent his men then attacked and killed over 150 inhabitants out of 200 warriors and 500 women and children.
3. What were the terms of the Treaty of Fort Laramie? Why did it fail?
The terms for the Treaty of Fort Laramie where that the Bozeman trail would be closed down and the Sioux would live a reservation on the Mississippi River. It failed because miners started to look for gold in the Black Hills which contradicted to the Treaty and the Native Americans were not please about it, so fighting broke out again.
4. What happened at the Battle of Little Bighorn?
In June 1876 the Sioux and the Chyenne did a sun dance in which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and Native Americans falling from their horses, they knew there was going to be a battle so they prepared for it. George A. Custer and all of his troops were killed.
5. What was the purpose of the Dawes Act?
The purpose of the Dawes Act was to "Americanize" the Native Americans. They gave individuals land, and sold off the remainder of the settlements.The money from theses settlements were suppose to go to the Native Americans, but it never did.
6. What happened at Wounded Knee Creek?
The Seventh Cavalry rounded up 350 starving and freezing Sioux and took them to Wounded Knee Creek. The very next day a shot was fired, but there is no evidence of which side it came from, and the soldiers shot open fire with cannons. 300 Native Americans were killed.
B. Identify Sitting Bull and describe how he tried to deal with the problems his people faced.
Sitting Bull was a Native American that had a vision of U.S soldiers attacking and killing his people while he was sun dancing. His people prepared for the battle and won. However in the late 1876, he then took his people into refuge in Canada, and they stayed there until 1881. He eventually did surrender though in order to save his people from starvation. His people started doing a dance called the Ghost Dance, Sitting Bull was then arrested, and killed.
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