Project Plan

I am going to do theme number 1 and use the MCAS standards #25-27 and 30 and mabey 21.
I am going to do a power point type thing.

North Africa Summary #2

In north africa the economy has been very diverse. A servey found that one in ten people had paid a bribe in the past 12 months. Many of these bribes had been payed to police. In africa 42% of people paid a bribe to obtian a service. France is compensating thousands of vetrens who fought against thier own countrymen inorder to prserve French colonial rule in Algeria. Also the Cotonou agreement was made. This revised the old Lome conventions which allowed mineral and manufactored goods to enter European Community free of duty. Since the World Trade Orginazation regulations deemed in incompatibe they changed it so that goods whouldnow be open to European goods. In Europe the sugar farmers prices have been cut by 36 percent, reducing the amount of farmers. African sugarcane producers now have a greater demand for thier product. Also the French oil group Total is investing 1bn euros in a petrochemical complex in Arzew (western Algeria). In Tuisia the Gulf Finance House is setting up the Tunis Financial Harbour, which has an estimated value of $3 billion.

Chapter 23 section 5 Critical Thinking #4

How successful do you think Franklin Roosevelt was as a president? Support your answer with details from the text.

I think Franklin Roosevelt was an extremly succsessful president. He, in about 200 days, fixed the nations economy and decreased the nations uneployment rate by a significantly large number. He created social security, making a back up plan for people who were not working of needed aid for certain reasons. He protected workers rights. He made jobs (CCC) that helped the nation by lowering the unemployment rate and helping the nation by building things like railroads, parks, and planting trees. He made a back up plan so that the banks in fact could not all go bankrupt at once again, and made it so people could only sell on margin with specific restrictions, making it so the nation could not go back into such a large amount of debt.

Chapter 23 section 5 Critical Thinking #3

Some critics have charged that the New Deal was antibusiness and anti–free enterprise. Explain why you agree or disagree with this charge. Think About:
• the expanded power of the federal government
• the New Deal’s effect on the economy
• the New Deal’s effect on the American people


I agree with that staement. By expanding the power of the federal government more government jobs were issued in order to stop unemployment. This was obviously not in favor of buisnesses. However this change helped the nations economy and boosted it outrageoulsy. It also helped the american people by giving them jobs, money and helping restore life back to nomral.

Chapter 23 section 4 Critical Thinking #3

What type of movies do you think might have been produced if the government had supported moviemaking as part of the New Deal? Use evidence from the chapter to support your response.

The type of movies that may have been produced would have probley been the same type of movies. This is because the movies that were made were made unpurpose to make people feel like they were in a differnt reality, like it was an escape from thier hardships. They had movies hat had to do with romance, riches, and good times. They also made movies that people could relate to, showing the hardships of the time. Also there were many movies in which it showed the New Deal in a good light, if the government was envolved there owuld probley have been many more of these.

Chapter 23 section 2 Critical Thinking #3

Why might the Social Security Act be considered the most important achievement of the New Deal? Think About:
• the types of relief needed in the 1930s
• alternatives to government assistance to the elderly, the unemployed, and the disabled
• the scope of the act

The Social Security Act may have been considered to be the most important achievement of the New Deal because it benefited everyone who needed help and had no other means to get it. Before Social Security if people were unemployed they had no means of aid. Elderly relied on their savings during retirement, and when banks crashed, they lost their money. People with disabled children were unable to have aid for the extra help they needed. The act made it so there was a supplement retire plan so that when a person retires they will have money that the government owes them in order to make sure they can not lose all of their money again. Unemployed people now got payed for a amount of time after they lost their jobs, making it so they had something to live off of while looking for a new job. Families with disabled members of the family now had an aid paid by federal funding, helping the fa miles money wise.

Chapter 23, sec.1, Critical Thinking#3

Of the New Deal programs discussed in this section, which do you consider the most important? Explain your choice. Think About:
• the type of assistance offered by each program
• the scope of each program
• the impact of each program

I think the most important New Deal program is the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). One of the major issues of the depression was the fact that Americans were loosing jobs and were unable to find new ones. The CCC came up with government projects that would employ the unemployed. They made it so men from 18-25 worked building railroads, parks, plainting trees, ect. and they made $30 a month. $25 of thier saliries went straight home to thier familes. This program significantly improved the uneployment rate and helped support families who were suffering.

Chapter 22, sec.3, Critical Thinking #3

How did Hoover’s belief in “rugged individualism” shape his policies during the Great Depression? Think About:
• what his belief implies about his view of people
• how that translates into the role of government
• Hoover’s policies
Hoover's belief in "riugged individualsim" shaped his polices during the Great Depression greatly. He belived that the if he gave the Americans the tools they need to make it through the great depression but not tell them what to do that they would figure it out. He belived that the role of the government was not to force people to do things but to help them, he wanted to make sure that they could make it themselves and help themselves in a time of tragidy. He didnt want to give handouts or chairity to the people because he belived it would weaken thier "moral fiber" and weaken thier self respects.

Chapter 22, sec.1, Critical Thinking #4

Judging from the events of the late 1920s and early 1930s, how important do you think public confidence is to the health of the economy? Explain. Think About:
• what happened when overconfidence in the stock market led people to speculate and buy on margin
• how confidence affects consumer borrowing

Public confidence is unhealthy to the economy. This is beacuse in the 1920s and the 1930s people became to confidant in the system and when the stock market crashed, it ended up in the great depression. People were too overconfidante in the stock market and put large amounts of money in it, and when they made a profit, didnt sell because they wanted more money, and thought they would get it because the economy was constantly going up. People started to buy on margin in stocks, which ment that they could by a stock for a certain price and pay the rest later. When the stock market crashed many people did not have the money to pay it back. People also started to depend on credit to buy things. Americans brought mostly everything on credit, some which they could not afford, and when the depression hit they had no way on order to pay these debts.

Chapter 22, sec.2, Critical Thinking #3

How was what happened to men during the Great Depression different from what happened to women? children? Think About:
• each group’s role in their families
• the changes each group had to make
• what help was available to them

There were many different things happening to men, women and children during the Great Depression. During this time period men were the head of the household and had the largest input on the families money. When men were being layed off men had to go out everyday searching for a job or living in the streets trying to find a way to support his family. If he didn't have a family he traveled alone on train cars hoping to escape his problem and find a job else where, which never really happened because jobs were so scarce. Women were making less money then men were if they had a job and if they did not their main role was to raise the children and keep the house. During the great depression women who were neighbors worked together in order to save money. They managed budgets, sewed clothes, and canned food. Less jobs were available to women during the depression to men, some cities even refused to hire married women as schoolteachers. Children suffered a lot during the depression. Many schools shut down and many children ended up working or traveling freight trains. Those who ended up working were stuck in sweatshops. Also child welfare programs were rid. Children also had lots of diseases because of poor health.

Chapter 22, sec.2, Critical Thinking #4

How did Dust Bowl conditions in the Great Plains affect the entire country?

The Dust Bowl conditions effected the entire country in many ways. Many farmers land and homes were covered in dirt and dust, so they had to leave them behind and thousands of farmers and sharecropers moved to california and Oklahoma in order to get away from the dust. There were deaths from inhaling the dust, the majority of these deaths were babbies and older people. The dust was created from farmers plowing up prairie lands. The dust ended up traveling hundreds of miles and it ended up hitting the East Coast.

North Africa Summary #1

In North Africa there has been many events going on with its economy. First of all the 2nd Economic Conference opened in Addis Ababa. The main goals of the conferences is to find better "knowledge production and dissemination". They also focused on knowledge management hoping that this new knowledge would help provide a better economy for Africa as a whole. Also Egypt is in the Arab Free Trade Area that contains 17 out of the 22 Arab states. Egypt proposed the the Arab leaders that "...they were hoping that such a high level meeting would help address a combination of problems.." . The meeting would try to fix economic problems that Egypt along with other Arab countries. Also in Egypt petroleum companies that were chosen among the best 10 Arab companies, 1,000 were surveyed. In Egypt it is predicted that the world might reach the peak production of 95million barrels of oil per day (BOPD). Egypt is now trying to find and use different energy strategies in order to maintain energy supplies in Egypt. In Libya $123.4 billion is being used for public works, including schools, for the next 5 years.

Chapter 21, section 4 critical thinking #5

What did the Harlem Renaissance contribute to both black and general American history?
The Harlem Renaissance contributed many things to both black and American History. It helped bring new African American Pride, and hope for protection of their rights. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People tried to pass antilynching bills. Even though these attempts failed, lynching did decrease. African Americans started to influence music. They invented Jazz and Jazz became the next big thing in america. Many books, plays, and musicals were written about African Americans, which became very popular. Famous songs like "Love Will Find A Way" came from the Renaissance.

Chapter 21, section 1 critical thinking #5

Do you think the passage of the Volstead Act and the ruling in the Scopes trial represented genuine triumphs for traditional values? Think About:
• changes in urban life in the 1920s
• the effects of Prohibition
• the legacy of the Scopes trial
I do not think that the Volstead Act and the ruling in the Scopes trial were genuine triumphs for traditional values. They ended up decreasing and not helping traditional values hold their importance. In the 1920 life changes dramatically. City life became very popular, but it was a big switch from small towns where everybody knew everybody to fast strange cities. Life became faster, and less laid back. Things like the night life started, Alcohol now became used in social scenes in which they were not used in small towns along with things like gambling and casual dating. Then came the Prohibition of alcohol. At first drinking and crime did decrease. However people started sneaking in alcohol through bootleggers and other methods. Gangsters started to come into play and people were murdered. The law for prohibition got barley any respect, which led to people starting to disrespect the law even more. When the Volstead Act was passed in order to help get rid of the illegal sale of alcohol there was no funding for the Prohibition Bureau to be able to do anything. When a teacher, Scopes, read a line from the book Civic Biology he was tried for breaking a law that made it illegal to teach evolution in the state of Tennessee. He was tried and the whole nation became interested in his case. He was found guilty and charged a fine of $100. However even though the side that was trying to keep traditional values alive the case raised questions about evolution and religion, it made people more aware and ended up hurting traditional values than helping.

Chapter 20, section 1 critical thinking #3

Do you think Americans were justified in their fear of radicals and foreigners in the decade following World War I? Explain your answer. Think About:
• the goals of the leaders of the Russian Revolution
• the challenges facing the United States

I think the Americans were justified in their fears of radicals and foreigners in the decade following World War I. They were justified in this because of the goals of the leaders of the Russian Revolution and also because of the challenges that were being faced in the US. The leaders of the Russian Revolution was threatening to the way of life for Americans. Vladimir I Lenin was a Communist who wanted to abolish capitalism everywhere. Lenin along with the Bolsheviks wanted a world wide revolution which would lead to the world having capitalism. The communist party The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) sent bombs out to government officials and business leaders. With these threats to Americans way of life Immigration became restricted in order to stop radicals from entering the country, people became afraid of large amount of Communists coming into America and making it into a communistic government. This created a large amount of Nativism. Because of this large increase in Nativism foreigners became feared and hated and groups like the KKK gained power.

Chapter 19, sec.1, Critical Thinking #3

Describe some ways in which World War I threatened the lives of civilians on both sides of the Atlantic.

WWI threatened the lives of civilians on both sides of the Atlantic in many ways. People in America were living in fear of war. They did things like rationed food to help conserve it as to help with the war effort. Also when troops were sent over seas many job opportunities opened up. The Zimmerman Note suggested a potential threat from Mexico, increasing Fear in the US. In Europe civilians were being killed during the war, for example the German U-Boats. physical boundaries were being changed. Families were being separated because of the war. Economic and Military power was shifting. The British blockade killed many civilians and cause famine.

Chapter 19, sec.4, Critical Thinking #5

Predict Germany’s reaction to the Treaty of Versailles. Give reasons for your predictions. Think About:
• what Germans thought of the war-guilt clause
• German reaction to reparations
• how Germans felt about the loss of territory

Germany's reaction to the Treaty of Versailles is most likely frustration and a want for revenge. The Germans were humiliated by the war-guilt clause which made it so Germany had to take the soul blame for the war. This upset them because other European powers were also in the fault for provoking diplomatic crises before the war. The reparations made it so Germany had to pay the allies $33 billion for war damages. It also made it so the region of Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France. German also lost territory. They lost their colonies in the Pacific which could have helped pay for the $33 billion. Some Germany land was given to the Polish in order to make Poland, and now some Germans were under the control of the Polish.

Chapter 19, sec.4, Critical Thinking #3

Why didn’t the Treaty of Versailles lay the foundations for a lasting peace?

The Treaty of Versailles didn't lay a foundation for lasting peace because their were many flaws left in it. When the treaty was written Germany and Austria Hungry was not a part of this process. Because of this the decisions made in the treaty were not in favor to Germany. Tension still remained in Europe. The Prime Minister was reelected because of his slogan "make Germany pay" and the Italian prime minister wanted control of Austria controlled land. The treaty made it so Germany had to pay $33 billion war damages to the Allies. It also involved a war-guilt clause in which Germany had to take full responsibility for the war. Germany was barred from having an army and had it's colonies in the Pacific taken away from it. Russia was also not at the writting of the treaty and had land taken away from it, and was very determined to get it back. Many Germans, including Adolf Hitler, were upset that 2 million germans died in vain, and wanted revenge.

Chapter 19, sec.3, Critical Thinking #5

Do you think that the war had a positive or a negative effect on American society? Think About:
• how the propaganda campaign influenced people’s behavior
• the new job opportunities for African Americans and women
• how the government controlled industry

I think the war mostly had a positive effect on American society. The propaganda campaign influenced peoples behaviors and made people pro-war. When the US declared war on Germany because of the submarine attacks on civilians, the majority of the US population was already pro-war. Even though there discrimination towards Germans who were US citizens, if the majority of the nation was not pro-war there may have been more riots and or disturbances in society. Since the was significantly decreased European immigration and a large amount of men were over seas fighting there were many job opportunities. Job's that were normally reserved for men were now open to women, and many African Americans were moving to cities in the north and were given job opportunities. This helped lead to less segregation and women gained the right to vote. The govenment also had a larger control on industry and its production and sales. Because of this the US's economy grew very greatly.

Chapter 19, sec.3, Critical Thinking #3

How did the war affect government power? Think About:
• how private business worked with government
• how much control the president gained over the economy
• the Espionage and Sedition Acts

WWI increased government power. Private businesses worked with the government in order to help raise money for the war. They did things like use mass-production in order to increase industrial production. The President gained a lot of control over the economy. He gained the power to control prices on war related items. He could also regulate, even nationalize, war related industries. The government also passed things like the Espionage and Sedition Acts. These acts punished and silenced anyone who spoke out against the war. For example, if any newspaper opposed these acts they would lose their mailing privileges.

Chapter 19, sec.2, Critical Thinking #3

3. DRAWING CONCLUSIONS In what ways did WWI represent a frightening new kind of warfare? Think About:
• the casualty figures
• new military technology
• shell shock

WWI represented a frightening new kind of warfare because it had some of the worse conditions and the highest death toll of all wars up to this time. WWI had some of the greatest casualties figures up to its time, the death total was about 22 million and the total wounded were around 20million, also 10 million became refuges. The United States lost 48,000 battle, 62,000 were dying of disease and 200,000 were wounded. New military technology added to the frightening new kind of warfare. Machine guns made it so people could be mowed down easily and loading bullets no longer took up time. Tanks made it so barbed wire could be plowed down in order to provide a safe way for infantry to move forward. Airplanes could now drop bombs on people and troops that were below. Things like poison gas became such a problem that gas masks were now mandatory. "Shell Shock" also became a problem. "Shell Shock" was an emotional collapse in which mad some people literally lose their minds. Some people never did recover from it.

Chapter 19, sec.1, Critical Thinking #5

Why do you think Germany escalated its U-boat attacks in 1917? Think About:
• Germany’s military buildup
• the effects of the British blockade
• Germany’s reason for using submarine warfare

Germany escalated its U-boat attacks in 1917 in order to prove that it had the strongest Navy. Before this Britain had the largest and most powerful navy because it is an island. Germany want to have the largest army, so it became competitive with Britain. Germany wanted to be "superior"for nationalistic reason, and also having a larger navy would make it easier when it came to imperialism. Germany was also being very effected by the British blockade. The blockade blocked the German coast preventing weapons and other military supplies from getting to Germany. American goods could not reach Germany and Germany could not get food/fertilizers into the country. Famine struck and 750,000 Germans starved to death. Germany supported their use of using the submarines by saying they were preventing Britain from receiving more supplies and that they were hindering her ability to support her allies. Germany also said that because they had less naval power they had to fight a naval "guerrilla warfare".

Chapter 18 Section 4 Critical Thinking #4

In your opinion, should the United States have become involved in the affairs of Colombia, Nicaragua, and Mexico during the early 1900s? Support your answer with details. Think About:
• the effect of the Roosevelt Corollary
• the results of dollar diplomacy
• the implication of Wilson’s missionary diplomacy
The US should have become more involved with the affairs of Colombia, Nicaragua, and Mexico because it gave the US a strong economy. Roosevelt Corollary was the idea of "speak with a soft voice, but carry a big stick". He would threaten nations into doing what he wanted, and if they did there would be no violence. He used this idea and used the corollary which said that: "the United States would now use force to protect its economic interests in Latin America." Dollar diplomacy was the practise of repaying nations loans so that these nations would come under control of the US. After repaying theses debts, in Nicaragua for example, after the US repayed their debts the US gained control of its national bank and its railroads. Also Wilson's missionary diplomacy was the idea that the US would not get involved with Latin America unless they were posing any threat to their Latin American interests. For example when Mexico arrested, then realized Amercian citizens, America came in and started to take charge.

Chapter 18, sec.4, Critical Thinking #3

What do you think were the similarities and differences between Roosevelt’s Big Stick policy and Wilson’s missionary diplomacy? Use evidence from the text to support your response. Think About:
• the goal of each of these foreign policies
• how the policies defined the role of U.S. intervention in international affairs
• how the policies were applied
Both Wilson and Roosevelt were for imperialism and were trying to gain new territories. However their ways of accomplishing this goal was different. When it came to foreign affairs Roosevelt threatened people in order to get them to do what he wanted. When Panama became independent Roosevelt has many naval ships there and just a few days later Panama and the US had a deal in order to build the Panama Canal. Wilson would set up missionaries in other areas of the world, to spread Christianity, but when fighting broke out, they would end up controlling that land. Both Roosevelt and Wilson used the Monroe Doctrine to reach this goal. Roosevelt used the Monroe Doctrine as a reason to have control over the entire western hemisphere, he said that it gave the US the right to exercise international police power in the Western Hemisphere. Wilson looked at the Monroe Doctrine and came u with his idea of missionary diplomacy. He said that "the United States had a moral responsibility to deny recognition to any Latin American government it viewed as oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile to U.S. interests." When Mexico arrested some Americans, even though they were released, Wilson used it as an excuse to invade and occupy Veracruz, which was a very important Mexican port.

Chapter 18, sec.3, Critical Thinking #4

How was U.S. policy toward China different from U.S. policy toward the Philippines? To what can you attribute the difference?
US policy towards China was different from its policy towards the Philippines in many ways. Mostly African American troops were sent to stop the rebellion, and many soldiers left the army to join the Philippines side. They had also sent over 70,000 troops, and lost about 4,000. The rebellion took 3 years to stop. At this time the Philippines belonged to America while in China only the trade was being controlled. In china during the Boxer Rebellion America 2,500 American Soldiers and the rebellion was stopped in three months.

Chapter 18, sec.3, Critical Thinking #3

How did American rule of Puerto Rico harm Puerto Ricans? How did it help Puerto Ricans? Do you think the benefits outweighed the harmful effects? Why or why not?

American Rule hurt Puerto Rico because many of the people living in Puerto Rico wanted independence and under American rule they were not getting that. It helped the Puerto Ricans by giving them protection "... not only to yourselves but to your property, to promote your prosperity, and to bestow upon you the immunities and blessings of the liberal institutions of our government.” (pg. 559) The benefits did not outweigh the harmful effects because to the Puerto Ricans it was more harmful than anything. They did not like the fact that they were not independent, and they did not get much say in government for awhile.

Middle East Econmics Summary #3

Oil from the middle east is still increasing in price. The price for oil is now about $89.47 a barrel. There is even talk between analysts that there is a possibility that oil will someday hit the amount of $100 a barrel. OPEC is increasing its production by 500,000 barrels a day in order to meet the high demand for oil. In Iran Hojjatollah Ghanimifard, the international affairs director of the state-owned National Iranian Oil Company predicts that in three months the price of a barrel of oil will be $90. Also the country of Jordan is repaying early debt of $2.5 million to The Paris club which is made of 19 of the worlds richest countries, it includes Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, the UK, and the US. Jordan's total debt at the end of the first quarter of the year was $14,450million. Lastly in Dubai commercial rental average rates have almost tripled from 2005. In 2005 it was $263 a square meter now it is $785 a square meter

Chapter 18 Section 2 Critical Thinking #3

What do you think were the unstated editorial policies of yellow journalism? Support your answer with evidence from the text. Think About:
• James Creelman’s account of Spanish atrocities against Cubans (page 552)
• Hearst’s remark to Remington
• the Journal headline about the explosion of the battleship Maine

The unstated editorial policies of yellow journalism were over exaggeration. Newspapers and writers started to use exaggeration in order to increase sales and increase American interests in the Spanish war. James Creelman for example portrays Cuba as a blood covered territory in which American people and land are becoming injured. He also mentions that Cuba needs help form a "brave" nation. (pg 552) Hearst sent Remington as an artist to Cuba to draw war scenes to show a visual image of what he was writing about. Remington told him that war between Spain and America looked very unlikely and Hearst responded by saying “You furnish the pictures and I’ll furnish the war.” By this he meant, if you send brutal pictures to back up my exaggerated writing we will help lead to the war. By using yellow journalism, he encouraged many Americans to beg for war against Spain. (pg. 553) When the American battleship Maine exploded in Cuba journalists used yellow journalism to exaggerated what happened, and making it so people were for war against Spain. One newspaper even offered a reward of $50,000 to whoever captured the Spanish that did this to the ship.

Chapter 18 Section 1 Critical Thinking #5

5. In the following passage, how dose Indiana senator Albert j. Beveridge explain the need for the US to acquire new territories?

"Fate has written our policy for us; the trade of the world must and shall be ours....We will establish trading posts throughout the world and distributing points for American products.... Great colonies governing themselves, flying our flag and trading with us, will grow about our posts of trade."

In the passage Indian senator Albert J. Beveridge explains the need for America to acquire new territories by saying that it is fate. That America is destined by fate to control the trading system of the world. He is saying that American should set up trades in every part of the world, giving American more power and control. He also mentions that colonies should be set up all over the world. Theses colonies, he belived, would govern themselves. However they would still stay faithfull to America, "fly our flag". He talks about theses new territores that he says is being clamied as if claming them would make them happy to be American, and happy to trade with America.

Chapter 18 Section 1 Critical thinking #3

3. Manifest destiny greatly influenced American policy during the first half of the 19th centuary. How do you think manifest destiny set the stage for American imperialism at the end of the century?
Manifest destiny set the stage for American imperialism at the end of the centuary in many ways. Imperialism is a policy in which one nation takes control of smalle and weeker nations for economic gain. Since americans felt it was thier destiny to span from coast to coast they were not hesitant to take down weeker forces during this process. America first did not want to buy Alaska from Russia, but when they found that it was full of plentiful resorces such as timber minerals, and oil. (pg. 550) America also had a sugar cane trade system going on with Hawaii. At first there was a duty free trading system between America and the Hawaiian Islands. Then a tariff was put into act which led to competition for the Hawaiians in the American market, and American planters in Hawaii did not like the fact that they had to pay the duty so they were calling for an annex. Hawaii also had one of the best ports, Pearl Harbor. Since Hawaii was alot smaller and weeker than the America, American annexed Hawaii and made it a state. (pg. 551)

Chapter 15, sec.5, Critical Thinking #4

Why do you think Wilson failed to push for equality for African Americans, despite his progressive reforms? Think About:
• progressive presidents before Wilson
• Wilson’s background
• the primary group of people progressive reforms targeted

Wilson failed to push for equality despite his progressive reforms because of the reasons following. Like president Roosevelt he claimed progressive ideas however his main focus was reforming the government, in a different way than Roosevelt. He believed in attacking large companies and or concentrations of power in order to give more freedom to the average person. (pg.538) Wilson had a huge prejudice against the African Americans which led to him not using much of his Federal power to help improve the civil rights of the African Americans. This prejudice was that he was from the south and grew up during the Civil War and the Reconstruction. (pg.539) Also Wilson's primary group of people progressive reforms targeted was not the African Americans. It was the big corporations and the extremely wealthy people. He wanted to to lower tariff rates and to have an income tax. This income tax would increase in the percent of your income it took by the larger amounts of money you have. (pg.540)

Chapter 17 Section 3 Critical Thinking #5

5. Why did W. E. B. Du Bois oppose Booker T. Washington’s Views on racial discrimination?
W. E. B. Du Bois opposed Booker T. Washington’s view on racial discrimination Washington was blaming African Americans for their own poverty and urging them to accept racial discrimination. Bois was opposed to this because he did not like that fact that Washington did not think that African Americans could improve and or get rid of the discrimination against them. Bois also felt that Washington thought that African Americans should not have equal and non segregated schools with the whites and that African Americans should not have the right to vote. Bois did not agree with this one bit, he felt that African Americans were being treated unjustly and were not bring poverty upon themselves. He also thought that African Americans should have the right to vote and that they are just as equal in brain power as whites. (pg. 531)

Chapter 17 Section 2 Critical Thinking #5

Imagine you are a woman during the Progressive Era. Explain how you might recruit other women to support the following causes: improving education, housing reform, food and drug laws, the right to vote. Think About:
• the problems that each movement was trying to remedy
• how women benefited from each cause

If I was a women during the progressive Era in order to recruit other women for the causes of improving education, housing reform, food and drug laws, and the right to vote I would do as follows. I would state the problems that each of these causes was trying to remedy. I would talk about how education was not equal for men and women, women were not allowed in some colleges such as Colombia, Brown, and Harvard. I would say that if women were to help make education equal for both men and women then women would be able to have the same education, leading to more opportunities in the work force. I would also talk about how we could improve the conditions at a persons house, and how it would make it easier to work at home. Another thing I would talk about is the food and drug reformations and how they would try to reform the food and drugs, making safer for women and people in general. One last thing I would talk about is the right to vote, and how because even though women are citizens just like men they do not have the same rights as to when it comes to voting. I would say that if they were to help in the cause of women’s suffrage then they would someday have the right to vote.

Chapter 17 Section 1 Critical Thinking #4

This cartoon shows Carry Nation inside a saloon that she has attacked. Do you think the cartoonist had a favorable or unfavorable opinion of this prohibitionist? Explain.
The cartoon of Carry Nation inside a saloon that she has just recently attacked is showing an unfavorable opinion of her as a prohibitionist. In the 1890s Carry Nation went into saloons and scolded the men for drinking alcohol and then would break their bottles of alcohol with the hatchet she carried around. In the Cartoon it shows the whole bar looking as if it had just been maliciously attacked. Things on the walls are broken, mirrors are cracked, and the majority of the things in the bar are also broken and or cracked. It has Carry Nation standing in the middle of all of this with a hatchet in her hand. Since the cartoonist made it so everything in the bar is broken up and destroyed it is showing that the cartoonist who drew this has a unfavorable opinion of Carry Nation and her probation movements.

Chapter 17 section 1 critical thinking #3

In what ways might Illinois, Wisconsin, and Oregon all be considered trailblazers in progressive reform? Support your answers. Think About:
• legislative and electoral reforms at the state level
• the leadership of William U’Ren and Robert La Follette
• Florence Kelley’s appointment as chief inspector of factories for Illinois



Illinois, Wisconsin, and Oregon can all be considered trailblazers in progressive reform because of the reasons following. Oregon started a reform in the elections by introducing the initiative, the referendum, and recalls. An initiative is a bill originated by the people on the ballots. A referendum is a vote on the initiative by the people on whether or not to reject it. Last but not least a Recall is when voters remove an officer from public office and have a reelection before his term ends, in which it is voted on by the people. Also the leaderships of William U'Ren and Robert La Follette helped contribute. Willian U'Ren introduced the idea of the secret ballot, which was made of the initiative, the referendum, and recalls. He was form Oregon. (pg. 518) Robert La Follette from Wisconsin served 3 years as Governor and then became part of the senate. He attacked railroad companies by taxing them at the same rate as other business property, set up commission to regulate rates, and made it so rail roads could not issues free passes to state officials. (pg.516) Also Florence Kelley helped win the Illinois Factory Act in 1893, which prohibited child labor and limited women's working hours, and became a model for other states.

Middle East Econmics Summary #2

There has been an increasing amount of different things happening in the Middle East when it comes to economics. Because the US dollar increasing to lose value and now in Iran it is predicted that if the US dollar oil will cost $90 a barrel not the $81 it is now. Also in Saudi Arabia they are offering up the right to manage their main international airports. They are having an auction for this right which could either help or hurt the nations economy. Another thing that is going on in the middle east is that in Algeria the government has dissolved 120 state-owned companies. Many deals are being made right now, for example the company Algerie Telecom which is a company of a number of international telecoms companies have been trying to get a 35-51 percent stake in the state operator.

Chapter 15, sec.2, Critical Thinking #5

What effects did the migration from rural areas to the cities in the late 19th century have on urban society? Think About:
• why people moved to cities
• the problems caused by rapid urban growth
• the differences in the experiences of whites and blacks

The migration form rural areas to cities had a negative effect on urban society. Many people moved to the cities in because it made the most sense. It was cheap and affordable and had many steady jobs, like in mills in factories. (pg. 469) However because of the fact that it was easier to live in the city more people moved there, causing rapid urban growth. Since the population of the city increased the living enviorments became cramped and disgusting. It was hard for most people to get a hold of clean water, and fires were happening everywhere. People just through garbage out the window or onto the streets, causing a even more disgusting living enviorment. Also pick pocketing and thief became extremely popular. (pg. 470-471) African Americans had a very differnt and harder life trying to get by in city life because there was alot of competition and tension between them and white people for jobs. (pg. 469)

Chapter 15, sec.2, Critical Thinking #4

Which solution (or attempt solution) to an urban problem discussed in this section do you think had the most impact?
The solution to the urban problem of people being under educated and to the sanity of the living quarters was Settlement houses. Settlement houses were set up by college educated women in slum areas in order to give assistance to the people living there. They sent nurses to the sick. They taught people English, health, painting, and offered college extension courses.By 1910 there were over 400 Settlement houses set up in America.

Chapter 15, sec.2, Critical Thinking #3

Why do immigrants tend to group together in cities?
When the immigrants came to america people of the same cultures, nation, or religions tendend to live in the same city. This happened because the immigrants did not want to leave thier cultures and language behind, and if they lived with people of the same cultures and who spoke the same language as them then thier was less pressure to lose thier culture. They could continue to practise thier religons and speak thier language together. (pg.469)

Chapter 15, sec.1, Critical Thinking #4

What were the effects of the massive influx of immigrants to the US in the late 1800s?

There were many effects of the massive influx of immigrants to the US in the late 1800s. One effect was idea of Negativism became very large. Negativism was favoritism towards native born Americans and they objected to immigrants, but not immigrants from the "right countries". Like Brittan, Germany, and Scandinavia. Attacks were launched on Catholics, and many Jews were not allowed to attend certain colleges and social groups. (pg.464) Another effect was the Chinese Exclusion act which made it so Chinese people that were not students, merchants, teachers, tourists, or government officials were not allowed to immigrant in the years 1892-1943. (pg.465) Then in San Fransisco schools were segregated for Japanese and other Americans. Japan then became upset with the way its emigrants were being treated and the Gentleman's Agreement came into effect. The agreement made it so Japan limited the number of emigrants and the schools in San Fransisco were unsegregated. (pg. 465)

Chapter 15, sec.1, Critical Thinking #3

Which group of immigrants do you think faced the greatest challenges in the United States? Why?
The group of immigrants that faced the greatest in the Unites States would have to be the Chinese. The Chinese mostly came into America from Angel Island which had worse conditions than Ellis Island. It had a filthy enviorment and when the immigrants came to the island they had to endure harsh questioning then wait in ramshackle buildings. (pg. 463) The rest of the American population was well aware of the fact that the Chinese were willing to work for lower wages, and were afraid that they would take all of the jobs. Then an anti Chinese group was started by the workingmens party, which led to the Chinese exclusion act. The act was passed in 1882 and did not end until 1943. The act baned entry to the US to all Chinese except for students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials. Often there was even mob attacks on the Chinese. (pg 465.)

Middle East Connections

Irans economy is being effected by the nations around it becuse of its huge export in oil. Iran used to sell most of its oil using the US currency, but latley it has been incresinlgy using other currenccies bcecause the value of the US dollar has started to drop in value. Also oil prices are very high, and this is belived to have occured because of the worlds ecconomy more than because of shock events.

Chapter 14, sec.3, Critical Thinking

Do you think that the tycoons of the late 19th century are best described as ruthless robber barons or as effective captains of industry? Think About:

• Their management tactics and business strategies
• Their contributions to the economy
• Their attitude toward competition

The tycoons can best be described as ruthless robber barons. They can be descirbed this was because of their management tactics and business strategies. Some of these strategies include paying employees low wages and having the factories in poor and dangerous conditions. Because of the dangerous and disgusting facilities the employees became very sick, or injured. However the employees were not allowed to take sick days or vacations, and they were also not compensated for their injuries. Also because of the very low wages whole families had to work in order to survive. Also their contributions to the economy were not really contributing. Even though they may have donated money, they kept an enormous amount for themselves while their workers were suffering.They fought the unions which were a growing thing in America that was helping people to get enough money to live by and better working rights.
Their attitude toward competition was very ruthless. They would lower their prices and gain control of other companies and then raise prices. They made it hard for competing companies to survive and stifled free competition. When the sherman act was founded they found ways to subdue it. Which even more stifled free competions

Middle East Econmics Summary #1

In the middle east there have recently been many influential things going on in economics. In Iran oil is now being sold at more increasingly rates in other currenceys other than the US dollar. They are doing this because of the decrease in the vaule of the dollar. Since Iran relys very heavily on its exports it has been effected by the decrease in the value of the US dollar. Also in Irans oil exports they have been effect by the inflation in the price of oil. Iran is a part of Opec. Now opec members are increasing the amount of barrels a day (an increase of 500,00 barrles). The stock market in Qatar (GDP) is now predicted to rise to $97bn in 2011. Also in Oman the IPO was oversubscribed by 14.5 times.

Chapter 14, sec.2, Critical Thinking

4.The federal government gave land and made loans to the railroad companies. Why was the government so eager to promote the growth of railroads?


The gave away great amounts of land and gave the railroad companies many loans. The government was so eager to promote the growth of the railroads because it was helping the nation as a whole. The railroads helped connect the US. It also made it so farmers and other people could now sell their products easier, and be able to reach more people more efficiently. Also the railroads gave more people job opportunities. Also along the railroads more people were settling, so the more railroads there where, the more settlements will occur.

Chapter 14, sec.2, guided reading

1. What problems did employees of the railroad companies face?
The problems that the employees of the railroad faced were that while they were laying tracks they were attacked by Native Americans. Also diseases disabled and killed many thousands of men a year.

2. What was it like to live as a Pullman employee in the town of Pullman?
Pullmans residents lived in clean brick houses and apartment buildings which had at least one window in every room. The town also had services like doctors offices, shops, and an athletic field. the residents were not allowed to loiter on their front steps and they were not allowed to drink alcohol.

3. Who was involved in Crédit Mobilier, and what was the purpose of this company?
Stock holders in the union Pacific Railroad formed the construction company Credit Mobilier.They gave the company a contract which gave them power to lay a track at 2-3 times the actually cost, and the stock holders took the profits. A share of the stocks were given to 20 representatives in congress in 1867.


4. In what ways did the railroad companies use their power to hurt farmers?
The railroads used their powers to hurt the farmers by selling land grants to other business and not to settlers, fixing the prices in order to keep farmers in debt, and charged different customers different rates which included them asking for more money for shorter distances.

5. Why didn’t the decision in the Munn v. Illinois case succeed in checking the power of the railroads?
The decision in the Munn v. Illinois case didn't succeed in checking the railroads because the supreme court then passed a law saying that a state could not set rates on interstate commerce.

6. Why didn’t the Interstate Commerce Act immediately limit the power of the railroads?
The interstate Commerce Act didn't immediately limit the railroads because the act lead to a long legal process and resistance form the railroads.

Explain the importance to the United States of the transcontinental railroad. Then, describe who George M. Pullman was and why he is a significant historical figure.
The importance of the transcontinental railroads was that it connected the US together. George Pullman built sleeping cars for railroads and towns for his workers.

Chapter 14, sec.1, Critical Thinking

5. Which invention or development described in this section had the greatest impact on society?Justify your choice. Think About:
• the applications of inventions
• the impact of inventions on people’s daily lives
• the effect of inventions on the workplace

The invention that had the greatest impact on society was the steam engine drill that invented by Edwin L. Drake. First the application of this invention had more use than the other inventions at that time. The drill now made its so oil could be easily drilled out of the earths surface. This made oil a more practical resource to get a hold of and use. Oil was used to be transformed into kerosene, and later when automobiles were invented and became popular gasoline, which was a byproduct of the refining process that made kerosene, was used to fuel them (pg437).
The invention had a huge effect on the workplace. Many petroleum-refining industries arose. Also many entrepreneurs took advantage of the oil boom to transform the oil into kerosene (pg 437). This invention effected peoples daily lives. Before this oil was hardly used because it was considered impractical. Now there was a plentiful amount of oil to fuel things like kerosene lamps. (pg. 437)

Chapter 14, sec.1, guided reading

Factor 1: Abundant Natural Resources

1. Which resources pl ayes critical roles in industrialization?
The resources that played a critical role in industrialization were the wealth of natural resources, the governments support for business, and the growing urban population which provided businesses cheap labor and markets for new products.

2. How did Edwin L. Drake help industry to acquire larger quantities of oil?
Edwin L. Drake helped the industry acquire larger amounts of oil by creating a steam engine that drills oil from the earths surface, which made the use of oil more practical.

3. How did the Bessemer process allow better use of iron ore?
The Bessemer process allowed better use of iron ore by making it easier for iron to be turned into steel. The process took molten iron and injected air into it turning it into steel.

4. What new uses for steel were developed at this time?
The new uses for steel that were developed was track for trains, barbed wire, farm machines, the Brooklyn Bridge, and skyscrapers

Factor 2: Increasing Number of Inventions

5. How did Thomas Alva Edison contribute to this development?
Thomas Edion contributed to the development by establishing the worlds first resarch laboratory, he perfected the incandescent light bulb, and he envented a entire system that producec and distributed electrical power.

6. How did George Westinghouse contribute to it?
George Westinghouse countributed by working with Edison and making electricity less expensive and safer.

7. How did Christopher Sholes contribute?
Chistopher Sholes contributed by inventing the typewriter.

8. How did Alexander Graham Bell contribute?
Alexander Grahm Bell contributed by inventing the telphone.


Factor 3: Expanding Urban Population
Provided markets for new inventions and industrialgoods
Provided a ready supply of labor for industry

Chapter 13, sec.3, Critical Thinking

What do you think were the most significant factors in bringing an end to the populist party. Think about:

• Monetary policy
• Third-Party status
• Source of the popular support
• Popular participation policy

The most significant factors in bringing an end to the populist party were as follows. First of all was the party's monetary policy. They believed in bimetallism which a majority of the industrial middle west were afraid of inflation,which would end up making the value of money decrease. (pgs 428 & 429)

Another factor was the source of the popular support. The party's support was farmers and people who wanted inflation, which was less than the amount of people opposing the populist party. Their policy was popular participation, which was appealing to the farmers and not as much to the nation as a whole. (pg.429)

One last thing that helped bring an end to the populist party was the fact that they were a third party. Inorder to keep thier identity as a party they nominated thier own vice presedent for the election. Since they did this they became less strong and popular as a party.

Chapter 13, sec.2, Critical Thinking

How successful were government efforts to promote settlements of the great plains? Give examples to support your answer. Think about:

• The growth in population on the Great Plains
• The role of railroads in the economy
• The homestead act

The governments efforts were successful in promoting the settlements of the great plains. First railroad companies were given 17 million acres in land grants, which lead to five transcontinental railroads making it so goods could be shipped from one side of the country to the other. The rail road companies sold some of their land to farmers which increased the settlements in the west. (pg 421)

Another thing the government did was passed the homestead act. The homestead act gave 160 acres of free land to the head of the household who was a citizen or a intended citizen. Up to 600,000 families came and took the free land in the time span of 1862-1900. Then in 1889 the government added to the homestead acts by giving land away in Oklahoma. Two million acres of land was claimed in one day. (pg 421)

One other thing that the showed that the governments efforts were successful was the growth of population in the great Plains. In 1850 1%of the nations population lived in the west of the Mississippi River, and then almost 30%of the nations population lived there by the turn of the century. (pg.422)

Chapter 13, sec.3, guided reading

The following questions deal with events of the Jeffersonian Era.


1. What problems did many Plains farmers face during the late 1800s?

Many farmers face the challenges of trying to find enough money to pay to keep their harvesting going. They had to put up mortgages on their houses, and many had their houses foreclosed. Also the railroads increased the prices for shipping grain.

2. What was the Grange’s plan for improving conditions for farmers?
The Grange's plan for was to provide a social outlet and an education forum for the isolated farmers and their families. Most of their attention was turned towards fighting the railroads. They taught members how to organize, how to set up farmers' cooperatives, and how to sponsor state legislation to regulate railroads.


3. What did the Populist Party platform call for?
The populist party called for an increase in money supply, which would create an increase in prices received for goods (helping the farmers), a graduated income tax, federal loan program, single terms for the president and the vice president, a secret ballot to end fraud, and a 8 hour workday and restrictions for immigrants.


4. What were the consequences of the Panic of 1893?
People started trading in their paper money in for gold, stocks fell rapidly. The prices of silver then plunged, which led to the closing of silver mines. At the end of that year 15,000 businesses closed and 500 banks.

5. What was the difference between the “gold bugs” and the “silverites”?
The difference between the "gold bugs" and the "silverites" are that the gold bugs wanted money to be backed by gold which would increase the value of money, make prices fall, and less people would have, money. The silverites wanted money to be backed by gold and silver which would decrease the value of money causing deflation, and making it so that more people have money

6. How did the presidential election of 1896 bring an end to populism?
Since Bryan lost the election and he was representing the farmers and populism, Mckinley became presedent. Mickinley did not support the populism party and so with his election the populism party ended.

Chapter 13, sec.2, guided reading

A. As you read this section, note how each of the factors listed below (Causes) helped to settle the West and turned the eastern Great Plains into the nation’s “breadbasket” (Effects).


Cause: 1. Land grants given to the railroads.
Effect: It gave many job opportunities to civil war vets, Irish and Chinese immigrants, African Americans and Mexican Americans. After 15 years there was five transcontinental railroads

Cause: 2. The Homestead Act and related laws passed in the 1870s.
Effect: After the homestead acts happened up to 600,000 families and many African Americans came to take the free land. Government agents and private speculators took advantage of this too. miners claimed natural resources, cattlemen fenced up open land.

Cause: 3. Inventions and improvements in farm technology.
Effect: Because of the steel plow, reaping machine, spring tooth harrow, grain drill, barbed wire and the corn binder harvesting grain and keeping control of cattle and keeping pests away from the farmers grain became a lot easier.

Cause: 4. The Morrill Land Grant Acts and Hatch Act.
Effect: Federal land was given to the states in order to set up schools. Agricultural researchers came up with ways to plant grain for arid soil and better techniques for dry farming, this helped the land retain moisture.

B. What were some hardships faced by frontier farmers?
The farmers had extremely dry land to work on, making it hard for crops. Wood was scarce, they had to use mud and sides of hills to build homes. Also machinery was expensive and farmers had to borrow money to pay for them. Prices were never constant, they would go up and down and the profits from the grain was all the farmers had to rely on. Shipping grain prices were also going up. Lots of farmers went into debt.

C. Explain homesteader, soddy, and bonanza farm.
A bonanza farm is a enormous single crop spread of 15000-50000 acres.
A homesteader was a citizen who took advantage of the free land during the homestead acts
A soddy was a home built from blocks of prairie turf.

Chapter 13, sec.1, guided reading

A.1. How did the discovery of gold affect the settlement of the West?
The discovery of gold drew more settlers to the west which introduced more frontier towns, that had extremely filthy living quarters. Railroads were also set up. But because of the increase in the amount of settlers the government made it so the Native American tribes had specific defined boundaries. However these boundaries were not followed most of the time, which lead to fights with the settlers.

2. What happened at Sand Creek?
On November 29, 1864 there was an attack at sand creek by the U.S Army on the Cheyenne and Arapaho Native Americans. The Native Americans were peacefully returning to the Sand Creek Reserve for the winter, they assumed they were under the protection of the US government. However General R. Curtis sent a telegram to colonel John Chivington telling him "I want no peace till the Indians suffer more." Chivington sent his men then attacked and killed over 150 inhabitants out of 200 warriors and 500 women and children.

3. What were the terms of the Treaty of Fort Laramie? Why did it fail?
The terms for the Treaty of Fort Laramie where that the Bozeman trail would be closed down and the Sioux would live a reservation on the Mississippi River. It failed because miners started to look for gold in the Black Hills which contradicted to the Treaty and the Native Americans were not please about it, so fighting broke out again.

4. What happened at the Battle of Little Bighorn?
In June 1876 the Sioux and the Chyenne did a sun dance in which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and Native Americans falling from their horses, they knew there was going to be a battle so they prepared for it. George A. Custer and all of his troops were killed.

5. What was the purpose of the Dawes Act?
The purpose of the Dawes Act was to "Americanize" the Native Americans. They gave individuals land, and sold off the remainder of the settlements.The money from theses settlements were suppose to go to the Native Americans, but it never did.

6. What happened at Wounded Knee Creek?
The Seventh Cavalry rounded up 350 starving and freezing Sioux and took them to Wounded Knee Creek. The very next day a shot was fired, but there is no evidence of which side it came from, and the soldiers shot open fire with cannons. 300 Native Americans were killed.

B. Identify Sitting Bull and describe how he tried to deal with the problems his people faced.
Sitting Bull was a Native American that had a vision of U.S soldiers attacking and killing his people while he was sun dancing. His people prepared for the battle and won. However in the late 1876, he then took his people into refuge in Canada, and they stayed there until 1881. He eventually did surrender though in order to save his people from starvation. His people started doing a dance called the Ghost Dance, Sitting Bull was then arrested, and killed.