Chapter 13, sec.1, guided reading

A.1. How did the discovery of gold affect the settlement of the West?
The discovery of gold drew more settlers to the west which introduced more frontier towns, that had extremely filthy living quarters. Railroads were also set up. But because of the increase in the amount of settlers the government made it so the Native American tribes had specific defined boundaries. However these boundaries were not followed most of the time, which lead to fights with the settlers.

2. What happened at Sand Creek?
On November 29, 1864 there was an attack at sand creek by the U.S Army on the Cheyenne and Arapaho Native Americans. The Native Americans were peacefully returning to the Sand Creek Reserve for the winter, they assumed they were under the protection of the US government. However General R. Curtis sent a telegram to colonel John Chivington telling him "I want no peace till the Indians suffer more." Chivington sent his men then attacked and killed over 150 inhabitants out of 200 warriors and 500 women and children.

3. What were the terms of the Treaty of Fort Laramie? Why did it fail?
The terms for the Treaty of Fort Laramie where that the Bozeman trail would be closed down and the Sioux would live a reservation on the Mississippi River. It failed because miners started to look for gold in the Black Hills which contradicted to the Treaty and the Native Americans were not please about it, so fighting broke out again.

4. What happened at the Battle of Little Bighorn?
In June 1876 the Sioux and the Chyenne did a sun dance in which Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers and Native Americans falling from their horses, they knew there was going to be a battle so they prepared for it. George A. Custer and all of his troops were killed.

5. What was the purpose of the Dawes Act?
The purpose of the Dawes Act was to "Americanize" the Native Americans. They gave individuals land, and sold off the remainder of the settlements.The money from theses settlements were suppose to go to the Native Americans, but it never did.

6. What happened at Wounded Knee Creek?
The Seventh Cavalry rounded up 350 starving and freezing Sioux and took them to Wounded Knee Creek. The very next day a shot was fired, but there is no evidence of which side it came from, and the soldiers shot open fire with cannons. 300 Native Americans were killed.

B. Identify Sitting Bull and describe how he tried to deal with the problems his people faced.
Sitting Bull was a Native American that had a vision of U.S soldiers attacking and killing his people while he was sun dancing. His people prepared for the battle and won. However in the late 1876, he then took his people into refuge in Canada, and they stayed there until 1881. He eventually did surrender though in order to save his people from starvation. His people started doing a dance called the Ghost Dance, Sitting Bull was then arrested, and killed.